Abstract: Biometric technology, encompassing methods like fingerprint, facial ID, iris scan, and voice recognition, has revolutionized security and identification across sectors, offering unprecedented accuracy and convenience. It promises enhanced security and streamlined processes in fields such as law enforcement, banking, and personal device security. However, it also raises significant ethical and social concerns. The integration of biometrics systems has undeniably improved security, helping combat fraud and enhance public safety by securing borders and identifying criminals. Yet, the centralization and storage of biometric system data in vast databases present attractive targets for cybercriminals. Unlike passwords, biometric traits are immutable, making data breaches particularly concerning. Privacy issues are critical, as biometric data involves capturing highly personal and immutable characteristics, leading to potential privacy violations if mishandled. Unauthorized access or misuse of such data leads to invasive surveillance and tracking, necessitating stringent privacy regulations. Additionally, biometric systems can exhibit biases based on race, gender, and other demographic factors, resulting in unfair treatment and discrimination, and exacerbating social inequalities. Accessibility concerns must also be addressed to ensure these systems do not exclude individuals with disabilities. Establishing comprehensive legal frameworks and ethical guidelines is crucial to mitigate these challenges, including stringent data protection measures, transparency, and accountability to ensure equitable performance across diverse populations and safeguard individual rights.

Keywords: Biometrics, Privacy, Security, Ethical Concerns, Data Protection, Facial Recognition, Fingerprint, Iris Scan, Voice Recognition, Personal Data, Identity Verification, Public Safety, Societal Impact.

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2024.117106