Abstract: In the pursuit of efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions, nanocomposites have emerged as a pivotal material class, offering remarkable enhancements in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. This comprehensive review examines the integration of nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and nanoclays into various matrix materials, including polymers, metals, and ceramics—to significantly improve the performance of energy storage systems. The paper discusses the application of nanocomposites in lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and other storage devices, highlighting how these materials contribute to superior energy density, charge/discharge rates, and overall device durability. Additionally, the review addresses the current challenges in the field, including issues related to material synthesis, scalability, and long-term stability. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on advanced functionalization techniques, real-time performance monitoring, and environmentally friendly production methods. This study underscores the transformative potential of nanocomposites in advancing energy storage technologies, thereby supporting the global shift towards renewable energy sources.

Keywords: nanocomposites, energy storage, carbon nanotubes, renewable energy, scalability, durability.

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2024.111203