Abstract: Smart farming has revolutionized the agricultural sector by addressing the limitations of traditional farming practices through the integration of advanced technologies. In agrarian economies like India, where a large part of the population relies on farming for livelihood, issues such as unpredictable weather, soil degradation, inefficient resource use, and labour shortages significantly affect productivity and sustainability. Smart farming uses technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), automation, and data analytics to optimize agricultural operations. One key innovation in smart agriculture is the Wireless Greenhouse Monitoring System, which helps maintain optimal conditions for plant growth. This system uses a network of sensors to monitor vital environmental parameters including temperature, humidity, CO₂ levels, soil moisture, and light intensity. The data collected is processed by microcontroller platforms such as Arduino, ESP32, or Raspberry Pi. Based on the data, the system can automatically adjust irrigation, lighting, ventilation, and heating to maintain ideal growing conditions. Wireless communication protocols like WiFi, Zigbee, or LoRa WAN allow the system to transmit real-time data to cloud-based platforms. Farmers can monitor and control greenhouse conditions remotely using mobile or web applications. This ensures timely interventions and reduces the need for constant physical presence. The implementation of a wireless greenhouse monitoring system offers numerous benefits: improved crop quality and yield, reduced water and fertilizer usage, lower labour dependency, and minimized environmental impact. Moreover, it reduces the need for chemical pesticides by maintaining healthier crop environments. Such smart solutions promote sustainable, efficient, and climate-resilient agriculture, aligning with global environmental goals while empowering farmers with data-driven decision-making tools.

Keywords: Smart farming, LoRa WAN, Zigbee, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Greenhouse Monitoring etc,

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.12550