Abstract: Genetically modified (GM) crops are one of the most important intersections of science, technology, and law in contemporary agriculture. Their development has transformed food production by increasing yields, pest resistance, and climate resilience. The rapid expansion of biotechnology, notably the introduction of GM crops, has altered agricultural methods, food production, and global trade. These advancements, however, raise significant issues about the intersection of science, technology, and law. This study investigates the relationship between scientific innovation and legal regulation of GM crops, focusing on India and offering comparative viewpoints from other jurisdictions. It demonstrates how technical advancements frequently surpass legal frameworks, posing issues in biosafety, intellectual property rights and environmental sustainability. The study emphasizes the necessity for unified policies that strike a balance between innovation and safety by examining national and international legal approaches. Ultimately, it contends that effective regulation of genetically modified crops necessitates not only scientific rigour and technological innovation, but also strong legislative systems that address ethical, environmental, and socioeconomic problems.

Keywords: Genetically Modified (GM) Crops, Biotechnology Regulation, Science and Technology, Intellectual Property Rights.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.12937