Abstract: Due to rapidly growing population human activity in building Construction has been most important factor nowadays. Concrete is widely used and reliable material for construction. Some challenges in industry is global warming and insufficiency of construction material. One of the methods for replacing concrete constituent is the used of geopolymer which are using very less quantity of cement in concrete. Rapid infrastructure development taking place nowadays, Portland cement concrete is the most popular and widely used building material. However, due to the restriction of the manufacturing process and the raw materials there are two major drawbacks with respect to sustainability. About 1.5 tons of raw materials are needed in the production of every ton of Portland cement, at the same time about one ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) is released into the environment during this production. The coal fired thermal power plants generate solid waste in the form of fly ash and pond ash. Disposal of these wastes is a major engineering challenge. Today research has combined sustainability with waste management leading to a wonderful product called geopolymer concrete. Modern-day geopolymer concrete are mostly made from low calcium fly ash and other waste materials activated by alkaline solutions using (NaOH or KOH with Na2SiO3 or K2SiO3). However, it should be noted that with the variation in the parameters such as Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio, Molarity of NaOH, curing temperature and curing time leads to changes in the strength. Geopolymer materials represent an innovative technology that is generating considerable interest in the construction industry, particularly in light of the ongoing emphasis on sustainability. This paper briefly reviews the studies such as molarity of sodium hydroxide and other ingredients in developing compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.

Keywords: Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Fly ash, Eco-friendly concrete, sustainable concrete, fly ash-based geopolymer, Geopolymer binder, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃), geopolymer concrete.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.1211012