Abstract: Unicorn platforms in the gig economy—particularly Zomato and Swiggy—have transformed the food-delivery landscape in Bengaluru, yet growing concerns persist regarding the working conditions of delivery personnel. This study empirically examines the lived experiences of gig workers associated with these platform-based unicorns. Primary data were collected from 107 delivery employees using a structured questionnaire that captured key dimensions such as working hours, earnings and incentives, job security, occupational safety, algorithmic control, customer interactions, physical and psychological stress, and overall job satisfaction. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and reliability assessments.

The findings suggest that although gig work offers flexibility and minimal entry barriers, most delivery workers face long and irregular working hours, unstable and fluctuating incomes, high work pressure, and substantial physical strain resulting from prolonged riding and time-sensitive deliveries. Key concerns raised by respondents include income volatility, lack of insurance coverage, rising fuel and vehicle maintenance costs, and inadequate support during breakdowns. The study further highlights the impact of algorithmic management—specifically order allocation systems, performance ratings, and penalty mechanisms—which contributes to heightened stress and dissatisfaction. Safety risks related to traffic exposure, accidents, and occasional customer hostility also negatively affect the well-being of workers.
Overall, the study concludes that despite their integration into technologically advanced unicorn platforms, gig workers continue to experience precarious and vulnerable working conditions. The results emphasise the need for policy reforms, fair compensation structures, improved safety and welfare measures, and strengthened worker representation to ensure more sustainable, equitable, and dignified gig work in metropolitan cities such as Bengaluru. These insights carry significant implications for platform management, regulatory frameworks, and academic research focused on the future of gig work.

Keywords: Gig economy; Unicorn startups, Food-delivery platforms, Working conditions, Delivery employees, Zomato; Swiggy, Job satisfaction; Work stress; Platform-based employment; Bengaluru; Workforce well-being; Incentive structure; Occupational safety.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.1211039