Abstract: The advancements in the field of medical sciences have been successfully increasing the gap between the birth and the death rates over the past 10 decades, resulting in a drastic rise in population, in turn triggering the increasing need for food, water and land. To satisfy the need for food various advancements have been made in the fields of Agriculture with very few of them addressing the generated scarcity of land and water. Besides high water requirements current practices also requires a considerable amount of land. Talking about the smaller crops like lettuce, tomatoes, swiss chards, basil, mint, peppers, cucumbers, beans, peas, squash, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and other green leafy vegetables with weak stems, these plants are short lived and have an immature root system only upto centimeters in depth. Studies suggest that only 10% of the water supplied to these crops and about 20% 0f fertilizers are effectively absorbed by them, rest percolates into the ground and becomes a part of the ground water. This makes the system ineffective and inefficient in terms of resources and efforts. To combat the challenges in the way of meeting the food demands of the society there was a need to develop a system that would consume fewer amounts of water and land and produce a considerably high amount of food. This was addressed by the development of integrated agricultural and aquaculture practice termed as Aquaponics.
Keywords: Aquaponics, Aquaculture, Hydroponics, Soil less cultivation, Fishes, Agriculture, High yield, Environment, Food security, Food scarcity, Vertical farming, Fish farming, Proteins, Sustainable development, waste management, Energy conservation, Resources management, Recycling of water, Organic food, Bio accumulation, Indoor cultivation, Photo-synthetically active radiations, PAR.
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