Abstract: Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. The word Piezoelectric is derived from the Greek piezein, which means to squeeze or press, and piezo, which is Greek for “push”. One of the unique characteristics of the piezoelectric effect is that it is reversible, meaning that materials exhibiting the direct piezoelectric effect also exhibit the converse piezoelectric effect i.e. generation of stress when an electric field is applied. When piezoelectric material like Berlinite, cane sugar, quartz, Rochelle salt, topaz, tourmaline, is placed under mechanical stress, a shifting of the positive and negative charges. When reversed, an outer electrical field either stretches or compresses the piezoelectric material. Piezoelectric effect is very useful within many applications that involve the production and detection of sound, generation of high voltages, electronic frequency generation, microbalances, robotics, medical engineering, high power applications, sensors, piezoelectric motors ultra fine focusing of optical assemblies. It is also the basis of a number of scientific instrumental techniques with atomic resolution, such as scanning probe microscopes. Piezoelectric materials provided the perfect technology upon which Nanomotion developed our various lines of unique piezoelectric motors. Using piezoelectric technology, Nanomotion has designed various series of motors ranging in size from a single element (providing 0.4Kg of force) to an eight element motor (providing 3.2Kg of force). Nanomotion motors are capable of driving both linear and rotary stages, and have a wide dynamic range of speed, from several microns per second to 250mm/sec. The operating characteristics of Nanomotion’s motors provide inherent braking and the ability to eliminate servo dither when in a static position. Piezoelectric Motors because having very high voltages correspond to only tiny changes in the width of the crystal, this crystal width can be manipulated with better than micrometer precision, making piezo crystals an important tool for positioning objects with extreme accuracy, making them perfect for use in motors, such as the various motor series offered by Nanomotion. Regarding piezoelectric motors, the piezoelectric element receives an electrical pulse, and then applies directional force to an opposing ceramic plate, causing it to move in the desired direction. Motion is generated when the piezoelectric element moves against a static platform.

Keywords— Piezoelectric effect, Nanomotion, Piezoelectric motor, ultrasonic motor, MICROMO.

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2020.7522