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National Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology
NCETET'16
📅 Date: 09th -10th August 2016
🏫 Organized by: Lourdes Matha College of Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram
Linear Static Analysis and Computational Validation of a Composite Wind Turbine Blade
Jayaram.V, Rony Mathew, Praveen Joseph Johnson, Joel Joe Antony, Jerin Thomas
Control and Optimization of Torque Response in Spark Ignited Engines Using NSGA Algorithm
Santhi Priya G, Reshma S R, Lekshmi P
Modelling and Control of Static Synchronous Compensator using Pi Controller
Lubina Alavudeen, Jiflin Das
A Comparative Analysis of Fault prediction and Speed Control of Induction Motor using ANN and ANFIS
Ansa Fathima .A, Cibu Mol B Babu
Power Quality Improvement of a Grid Connected with Hybrid Energy System using Fuzzy Logic Controller
Reshmi K R G, Priya P S
A Comparative Study on PID and Fuzzy Logic Controller for Depth Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
A Novel Technique for Classification of Wrist Pulse for Health Monitoring using Sparse Classifier
Arathy V R, Poornima Indusekhar
App for Monitoring Phishing Sites
Fahma Bakkar K A, Anjal thilakhan, Anjaly M S, Fasmina P M, Fathima Nasrin, Manu M R
SQRT Carry Select Adder with Efficient Area Delay Product Using VHDL Architecture
Varsha Viswam, Suchithra S Nair
Comparison of Thresholding Techniques for Segmentation of Blood vessels from Retinal Fundus Images
Hanna A. Hakkim, Tess Mathew
Image Processing for Analyzing Ice Floes and the Floe Size Distributions
Anjana Lakshmi K G, Nissa Surling
An Experimental Study on the Various Parameters of Tesla Turbine Using CFD
Rakesh Jose, Ajay Jose, Albin Benny, Asbin Salus, Bilbin Benny
A Theoretical Study on Surface Finish, Spacing between Discs and Performance of Tesla Turbine
Rakesh Jose, Ajay Jose, Albin Benny, Asbin Salus, Bilbin Benny
MRI segmentation using ASFCM and Monte Carlo Simulation of Positron Emission Tomography Tumor Images
Dhanya .F.E, Sandhya .S
Modelling and Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System Using PID Controller
Veena Vijayan, Priya P.S
Enhanced Face Recognition System with Combined SIFT and T-test Methods
Neethu Krishnan S, Sonia George
A Method of Removing and Recovering Clouds in Satellite Images based on Image Inpainting
Geethu Chandran A J, Christy Jojy
Application of Fractional Order Cascade Control to a Brake-By-Wire Actuator for Sport Motorcycles
Abhilash K. S, Krishnapriya T Nair
Data-Driven Neuroendocrine Ultra short Feedback Control System for Conical Tank Process
Azeem A.L, Krishnapriya T Nair
Case Study on Different Controller Tuning for PI Controller in Networked Dc Motor System
Raji .S, Shammy Arun Mathew
Strength and Durability Study on Banana Fibre Reinforced Lime Stabilized Kuttanad Soil
Prajisha J. P, Ajitha A. R
Comparison of Water and Ethylene Glycol as Engine Coolants and Experimental Investigation on Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Azeem Anzar, N R M Ashiq, Mohamed Shaheer S, Mohammad Ahal, Mohammed Shan N
Usage of Glycerin as an Engine Coolant and Experimental Investigation on Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Archa M R, Sreedevi R C
Review of Islanding Detection Techniques for Distributed Energy Sources
B Syama Uday, J Mohanalin, Sreekala Devi
ANN based Prediction of Cardiac Arrhythmia
Hemilda Carmel, Sreedevi R C
Stator Voltage Control of a Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator- A Sliding Mode Approach
Sneha V L, Revathy Sasidharan
A Two Level Control Algorithm for the Maximum Power Point Tracking of Solar Photovoltaic System
Greeshma V J, Revathy Sasidharan
Battery Charging Control using Fuzzy Logic based Controller in a Photovoltaic System
Modelling and Control of Grid Connected Wave Energy Converter Using Sliding Mode Controller
Shibi B S, Renu V
Adaptive Back stepping Approach for Longitudinal Control of Aircraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Aiswarya Raj, Ashima C R
A model reference adaptive control system for the automatic control of cane feeding system in a cane sugar factory
Maheswary mohan, Abhir Raj Metkar, Priyanka CP
Development, Characterization and Qualification of Aerospace Ablative Composites
Mohan Kumar .L, Anandapadmanabhan EN, Usha KM1, Chakravarthy .P
Solar PV array Fed BLDC Motor using Buck-Boost Converter with Minimized Torque Ripple
Venma Prabhash, Vandana P
Advanced Tuberculosis Detection System Using Chest Radiographs
Ambalekshmi R Chand, Gopakrishna M Raj
A New Secure Image Transmission Through Secret-Fragment-Visible Partial mosaic image Transformation
Muneera U A, Hema S
Robust Cell Detection for Automatic Ki-67 Counting Using Adaptive Fuzzy C- Means Clustering and Classification
Akshara A.R, Divya Subhash
Density Estimation of Brain Tumour using Markovian Random Function in Magnetic Resonance Images
Priya S Ramesh, Hema S
Reversible Data Hiding on Textures Combining Patch Based and Pixel Based Sampling
Sreedevi R T, Aswathy Devi T
An Efficient Routing Protocol for Multiple Static Sources and Multiple Mobile Sinks in WSN
Meera G S, Priya Sekhar S, Shivam Patel
Use of Sand-Tire Chip mixture as backfill for Geosynthetic reinforced walls
Radhika P Nair, Anitha Nelson
Robust Alzheimer’s disease Severity Classification in Compressed EEG Signal
Lekshmi G.S, Binu Chacko
Transportation Accessibility Evaluation of Hospitals in Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
Sneha J P, R. Padma Kumar
Engineering and Geological Evaluation of Rock Materials as Aggregate for Pavement Construction
Archana P M, Padma Kumar R
Abstract
Linear Static Analysis and Computational Validation of a Composite Wind Turbine Blade
Jayaram.V, Rony Mathew, Praveen Joseph Johnson, Joel Joe Antony, Jerin Thomas
Abstract: Wind power energy is getting more shares in the total energy production every year, with wind turbines growing bigger and bigger at the rhythm of technology. Wind turbines can be classified ( in a first) approximation according to its rotor axis orientation and the type of aerodynamic forces used to take energy from wind. The blade is the most important component in a wind turbine which nowadays is designed according to a refined aerodynamic science in order to capture the maximum energy from the wind. Blades of horizontal axis are now completely made of composite materials. Composite materials satisfy complex design constraints such as lower weight and proper stiffness, while providing good resistance to the static and fatigue loading. An experiment conducted by Xiao Chen (Institute of Engineering Thermo physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) and others on similar profile and tried to determine various fracture modes in it. Material used by them was a combination of epoxy glass resin and PVC. Using the guidelines set by the experiment, the blade was modelled using SOLIDWORKS and analyzed using Solid works FEA solver- Composite Material Module for superior materials like windstrand. The dynamic response of the system too was studied. Keywords: Wind energy; blade geometry; Composite; Static Analysis; Dynamic Response; FEA.
Abstract
Wearable Sensors for Animal Health monitoring Using Zigbee
Athira Vijayan, Manju Suresh
Abstract: This paper presents a low cost animal health monitoring system to monitor the health parameter such as body temperature, heart rate and their postures. Posture sensing is a main feature of this system. Three accurate sensors are used to measure these health parameters. If the parameters that we got are not in the normal range, quickly recognize that the animals are not well. Thus we can provide sufficient care and also prevent the viral infection to the other animals. Keywords: Zigbee, sensors, wireless transmission, physiological parameters, temperature humidity index.
Abstract
Control and Optimization of Torque Response in Spark Ignited Engines Using NSGA Algorithm
Santhi Priya G, Reshma S R, Lekshmi P
Abstract: Increasing demands for lower carbon dioxide emissions and fuel consumption drive technological developments for car manufacturers. One trend that has shown success for reducing fuel consumption in Spark Ignited engines is downsizing, where the engine size is reduced to save fuel and a turbocharger is added to maintain the power output. Even though many downsized turocharged engines matches the larger engines in terms of power and fuel consumption, they still cannot match the natural aspirated engine in the transient torque response. Recent hardware improvements have facilitated the use of Variable Geometry Turbochargers (VGT) for spark ignited engines, which can improve the transient torque response. In the present techniques the optimal control of the valve timing and VGT are preferred for a fast torque response. Optimal open-loop control signals are found by maximizing the torque integral. Here, a control strategy to improve the combustion efficiency of Spark Ignited engines is presented. To reduce fuel consumption and to achieve high performance, multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm is proposed. The NSGA (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) reduces the computational complexity based on a certain number of decision variables and a given population of solutions. The efficiency of the proposed multi-objective genetic optimization control scheme is checked through simulation experiments. Keywords: Spark Ignited Engines, Downsizing, Turbocharger, VGT, VVT, NSGA.
Abstract
Modelling and Control of Static Synchronous Compensator using Pi Controller
Lubina Alavudeen, Jiflin Das
Abstract: STATCOM is a shunt connected reactive power compensation equipment .There is different types of FACTS devices, but the STATCOM. It offers better performance due to high dynamic performance and its compensation does not depend on coupling voltage. This paper deals with the dynamic model and analysis of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The STATCOM have been modeled and the mathematical equations that explain their behaviour have been introduced Simulation results prove the validity of the model. PI controller is implemented to control STATCOM that tracks the voltage. Keywords: STATCOM, VSC, transformer, reactive power, PI controller
Abstract
Design of Surface Wave Radars for Tsunami Predictions
Auand Sivaram M, Priyanka C P
Abstract: Induction motors are the commonly used electrical machines. They are cheaper, rugged and easier to maintain, compared to other alternatives. These are now the preferred choice for industrial purposes.Speed control and fault prediction of motor is an important task in the Industrial applications. Various conventional control methods like PI, PID controllers are used for the speed control of Induction Motors. The present scenario is to predict the health and control the speed using Artificial Intelligence techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Fuzzy Logic controllers (FLC), Genetic algorithm etc. In this paper is presented a comparative analysis of speed response of Induction motor when both ANN and ANFIS controllers are used. A vector controlled three phase induction motor is modelled. A three phase fault is introduced across the motor terminals. The PI controller is replaced with an ANN controller at first.Then an ANFIS PI model is introduced instead of ANN controller. Simulation result demonstrated that the performance of ANFIS controller is better than that of ANN and PI controller Keywords: ANFIS, Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy PI, Induction Motor
Abstract
A Comparative Analysis of Fault prediction and Speed Control of Induction Motor using ANN and ANFIS
Ansa Fathima .A, Cibu Mol B Babu
Abstract: The proposed control scheme is used to improve power quality in the grid connected hybrid power generation system by using fuzzy logic controller and is simulated using MATLAB/ SIMULINK in control system block set. The control scheme has a capability to cancel out the harmonic parts of the load current and maintains the source voltage and current in-phase. The simulated Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based inverter have improved the power quality of source current significantly by reducing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Keywords: Power Quality; Fuzzy Logic Control system; Total Harmonic Distortion; Hybrid Power generation System;
Abstract
Power Quality Improvement of a Grid Connected with Hybrid Energy System using Fuzzy Logic Controller
Reshmi K R G, Priya P S
Abstract: This paper deals with the dynamic model and analysis of Autonomous underwater vehicle for depth control. Out of many underwater vehicles, AUVs are chosen for most of the purposes. It offers better performance and are risk free since the tether cables are absent and is controlled using onboard computers.An AUV is a complex highly nonlinear system and are highly coupled, due to hydrodynamic forces. So impractical for controller implantation. A reduced order subsystem with dive plane dynamics is being considered and controller is implemented. Here a comparative study of two controllers PID and FLC are being studied. Keywords: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), depth control, PID, FLC, MATLAB
Abstract
A Comparative Study on PID and Fuzzy Logic Controller for Depth Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
No abstract available.
Abstract
Voice Controlled Wheelchair using Arduino
Apsana.S, Renjitha G Nair
Abstract: The needs of many individuals with disabilities can be satisfied with traditional, manual or powered wheelchairs. A segment of the disabled community finds it difficult or impossible to use wheelchairs. There is extensive research on computer controlled chairs where sensors and intelligent control algorithms have been used to minimize the level of human intervention. Here I describe design of a smart, motorized, voice controlled wheelchair for physically disabled people by using embedded system. Proposed design supports voice activation system for physically disabled persons incorporating manual operation. Arduino microcontroller and speaker dependent voice recognition processor have been used to support the navigation of the wheel chair. The wheelchair does not respond to a false speech command. Depending on the direction selected on the joystick, microcontroller controls the wheelchair directions. This can be controlled through the voice commands also. By using ultrasonic sensors we can avoid obstacles Keywords: Controlled chairs where sensors and intelligent control, wheelchair, joystick, microcontroller controls
Abstract
A Smart Green House
Athira K.H, Prof. Poornima Indusekhar
Abstract: India is a country where the economy is dependent on agriculture. Due to the increased population, demand for food also gets increased. So, productivity must be increased to meet these needs. Here this topic's relevance came. A smart greenhouse system is proposed which will monitor and control the internal parameters (internal temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light intensity variations etc.) of a green house. ATmega328P microcontroller is used. Whenever the sensor values reach a certain threshold, the sensors will send a signal to microcontroller which will then process it and send to computer via zigbee. There are different kinds of activities that are designed in the system.If the soil moisture required is low,a sprinkler can be activated, to increase the moisture level. It also can deactivate the sprinkler automatically.If the green house is too humid, the rooftop can be opened to lower the humidity level.If the temperature level is high, a fan can be operated to lower it. If the plants inside it needs much light, it can be also provided with this automation technology. The software is Arduino 1.6.7 IDE using C programming and compiled using the AVR-GCC compiler. The corresponding automation output values are displayed in the computer and also the caution indications in the green house is send to the farmer's mobile phone as message via a GSM. Keywords: ATmega328P, Zigbee, GSM, Sensors, Greenhouse monitoring and controlling.
Abstract
An Efficient BRINT-Random Forests Algorithm Based Texture Classification
Ashtami S. S, Jobin Jose
Abstract: Texture analysis is considered fundamental and important in the field of pattern to computationally represent an intuitive perception of texture and to facilitate automatic processing of the texture information for artificial vision systems. The texture classification methods based on local binary patterns (LBP),Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT),Binary Rotation Invariant And Noise Tolerant Texture Classification (BRINT), Nearest Neighborhood Classifier(NNC) etc. performs texture classification with accuracy the need of high training samples and increased time consumption are the major challenges. In this paper, random forest algorithm is used to deal with the problem of texture classification. The proposed classifier consists of a number of trees, with each tree grown using some form of randomization. The leaf nodes of each tree are labeled by estimates of the posterior distribution over the image classes. Each internal node contains a test that best splits the space of data to be classified. Time consumption can be reduced considerably because of this random forest Algorithm. The proposed algorithm is having high accuracy with less time consumption. Keywords: LPB, SIFT, BRINT-NNC Classifier.
Abstract
Design and Analysis of DSP Accelerator Architecture Exploiting Modified Booth
Linu M Jiji, Ragimol
Abstract: Embedded systems often use specialized hardware accelerators to improve performance and reduce energy consumption especially in areas such as signal processing and video processing, communications, and computer vision. Hardware acceleration has been proved as an extremely promising implementation strategy for the digital signal processing (DSP) domain. An accelerator is a hardware module that can be attached to a processor core. It enhances the performance or functionality by executing certain function in the accelerator instead of executing in the processor core. The accelerator module mainly consists of flexible computational units(FCUs). The structure of the flexible computational unit is designed to enable high performance flexible operation chaining based on a set of operation templates found in DSP kernels. The number of flexible computational units is determined at the design time based on the instruction level parallelism and area constraints imposed by the designer. In this work a high performance architectural scheme is designed by combining both the architectural and arithmetic levels of abstraction. The proposed solution forms an efficient design tradeoff of 46% delivering optimized latency/area and energy implementations. It also provides high computing performance, real time processing and power efficiency to variety of applications ranging from sensors to servers. The accelerator module find wide applications in areas such as video encoding and decoding and in several image processing applications where high performance computation is needed. Keywords: DSP Accelerator, Flexible computational unit, Digital signal processor, Modified Booth, Multiplier.
Abstract
Literature Review on Classical Mammogram Enhancement Techniques
Ms. Divya Christopher
Abstract: Breast Cancer is one among the dreadful cancer diseases and the second-leading cause of cancer deaths, which are mostly seen in middle-aged women between ages of 35 and 55. According to the estimation done in 2016 by American Cancer Society at U.S, 1,685,210 new cancer cases were diagnosed with breast cancer and 595,690 women have died due to breast cancer. Mammography has been found as an effective imaging modality for detecting and diagnosing breast cancer. Mammograms often feature vagueness and inhomogeneity in its background compared to other images. Hence different enhancement techniques were developed to improve the overall visibility of mammograms, in order to facilitate early detection of breast cancer. This paper discusses few novel methods developed in enhancing mammogram images. Keywords: contrast, lesion, ROI, mass, calcifications, mammogram.
Abstract
Classification of Skin Lesion Images Using Kernel Classifier
Revathi V.L, Chithra A.S
Abstract: Skin cancer is the most dangerous in medical science. Dermatoscope is a device which is used to capture the melanocytic skin lesion images. Dermoscopy images have great potential in the early diagnostic of malignant melanoma. Automatic skin lesion segmentation is an important part of computer-based image. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer if left untreated. There is a need for an automated system to assess a patient's risk of melanoma using photographs of their skin lesions. Proposed work is used for improving the segmentation accuracy and classification. Segmentation of skin lesion image is done on the basis of a k-means clustering. Classification as melanoma or others based on a kernel sparse based representation classifier. Keywords: Skin cancer, Image segmentation, Dermatoscope, Kernel sparse classifier.
Abstract
SMS Based School Children Safety Enhancement and Tracking System
Lakshmi C Raveendran, Nisha P V
Abstract: In recent years, the number of crimes against children in India has increased tremendously. This system will be useful to provide accurate information about bus arrivals to parents and to the school, leading to increased safety and reduced mental strain. The proposed project presents a system to monitor pick- up/drop- of school children to enhance the safety of children during the daily transportation from and to school and send messages to the school and parents via GSM modem. The system consists of two main units, a bus unit and a school unit. The bus unit the system is used to detect when a child boards and leaves the bus. This information is communicated to the school unit that identifies which of the children did not board or leave the bus and issues an alert message accordingly. The bus unit and the school unit will be connected using a Zigbee Network. The main function of this system is to ensure that the users will be informed about the child's whereabouts in any time and also marks the daily attendance in both the evening and morning session. A hardware model is developed to materialize the proposal. Keywords: Zigbee, GSM modem
Abstract
A Novel Technique for Classification of Wrist Pulse for Health Monitoring using Sparse Classifier
Arathy V R, Poornima Indusekhar
Abstract: A wrist pulse system has been developed that can detect both normal and abnormal conditions in patients based on wrist pulse diagnosis. Pulse diagnosis are mainly done in three steps they are pulse preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. The acquired wrist pulse signal is passed through consecutive stages of denoising, baseline wander removal and period segmentation. The feature extraction is then done to extract time domain, frequency domain and wavelet features. Classification is then done for finding normal and abnormal conditions using SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier. It is found that by using the SVM classifier, distributed features cannot be efficiently identified, classification accuracy is low and sub-classification cannot be done for abnormal condition as SVM supports only binary data. So SVM classifier is replaced by sparse classifier which has higher accuracy since it supports highly nonlinear data. T test is used in feature selection so that it needs low memory and less time consumption. Sub-classification has been done for the abnormal cases of Anemia, Arrhythmia and Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome. Keywords: Preprocessing, Feature Extraction, Sparse classifier, T test.
Abstract
App for Monitoring Phishing Sites
Fahma Bakkar K A, Anjal thilakhan, Anjaly M S, Fasmina P M, Fathima Nasrin, Manu M R
Abstract: Phishing is an online dishonest attempt that defrauds people of their personal information such as credit card number or bank account information. In olden days mass e-mailing with phishing link is the most popular way to lure the victims. Phishing is prevented by filter suspect emails in olden days. Fake browser tools have emerged new platforms among phishers. The Proposed System can control the running browsers on the PC using android mobile phone. It will restrict the access of phishing sites running in browser. The identification of phishing sites is through the comparison of Site URL with Blocked list and for security blocked URL list will be in encrypted form using DES Cryptography. While detecting phishing site on PC an alert message is sent to the mobile phones using gateway. By using android application admin will block the access on the phishing site. After blocking the site an acknowledgement will be send to the PC. If the site is not a phishing site it will redirect to the browser. Keywords: Phishing attacks, URL, Encryption, DES algorithm.
Abstract
Highly Secure E-T-C system via Adaptive Histogram Shifting
Remya G R, Smitha J C
Abstract: Here propose an efficient encryption then compression (ETC) system. The method composed of Encryption, Data hiding, Compression, Data extraction, Decompression and decryption. Encryption is done via prediction error clustering and random permutation. An adaptive histogram shifting (AHS) is used for data hiding. Wavelet compression is used to efficiently compress the encrypted image. An efficient histogram shifting method that modifies the pixel greyscale value within the range is proposed to embed data into the image and it provides good quality of marked images. Data hiding refers to hide data within a digital media. Media can be anything like audio, image and video. Hiding is done by modifying the contents of the digital media. Hiding process is done in such a way that modification of pixel values should be undetectable to the viewers. However, in various applications like military and medical applications, degradation of the over media is not allowed. So it is essential to introduce the data hiding in such a way that it is reversible and quality degradation after embedding is lowered. Keywords: ETC, AHS, Data hiding, Data extraction.
Abstract
Smartphone Based Pavement Condition Assessment
Janani L, Sabu P
Abstract: Evaluating the condition of pavements is an expensive, labour intensive, and time consuming process. Many traditional road evaluation methods utilize measurements taken in situ along with visual examinations and interpretations. Smartphone based pavement condition assessment is a non-destructive remote sensing method. An android based application named AndroSensor was used to collect data from various sensors present in smartphones such as accelerometers, gyroscopes etc. Smartphone was fixed over the dashboard of a car while collecting the data. The acceleration values obtained from accelerometers were analysed to find out its relation between the occurrence of major pavement events such as potholes, bumps, left turn, right turn etc. The relation between the acceleration values and normal braking, sudden braking etc. due to pavement distresses was also analysed. A JAVA program was coded to reduce the computations in finding the presence of these events on the pavements according to the corresponding acceleration values. International Roughness Index values for different road stretches were found out using roughometer III and the correlation between these values and the change in z axis acceleration values obtained from AndroSensor was analysed. It was found to be satisfactory. Hence, it was concluded that, although smartphone based method can never entirely replace traditional methods, they do provide an opportunity to reduce the number or size of areas requiring site visits or manual methods. Keywords: AndroSensor, JAVA program, Pavement condition evaluation, Roughometer, Smartphone based pavement condition assessment.
Abstract
Soil Erosion Estimation of Kuttiyadi River Basin Using RUSLE
Anjana Baby, Ajith G. Nair
Abstract: The study integrates the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with Geographic Information System (GIS) to model the erosion potential within a tropical river system, Kuttiyadi in Kozhikode. Soil erosion was estimated for the year 2006 and the maximum value found to be 3470 t/ ha. Soil eroded from the whole area accounts to about 1.2 Mt. The spatial erosion map prepared could be used for planning and modifying erosion management measures in the sensitive mountainous region. Keywords: DEM, GIS, RUSLE, Sediment yield, Soil Erosion.
Abstract
Object Oriented Paradigm for Programming Finite Element Analysis
T.J. Raj Thilak, P.V. Anil Kumar
Abstract: Finite element structural analysis program typically requires a huge amount of data to be managed and number of lines of the code runs to millions. If the architecture of the program is not properly designed, even a small change in the program will lead to a humungous task. Earlier procedural programming methods were used to code the software which accesses global data in the entire program. This paper highlights the need of an object oriented approach and its advantages for developing a finite element software. Keywords: Finite Element Analysis; Object oriented programming; FEASTSMT©.
Abstract
SQRT Carry Select Adder with Efficient Area Delay Product Using VHDL Architecture
Varsha Viswam, Suchithra S Nair
Abstract: Reduced area, delay and power dissipation are the main factors that play an important role in the increasing demand of electronic devices. Adders have a great role in computing arithmetic unit. In the proposed adder design, new logic formulation is proposed by analysing the existing methods thereby reducing the redundant logic operations and data dependency. The probable carry-in (either cin = 0 or cin =1) from the previous Carry Select Adder (CSLA) decides the original sum and carry out. Here, the carry is scheduled before the sum generation. Thus the proposed system experiences small carry output delay. Low area efficient and delay efficient design is implemented. Thus the proposed SQRT CSLA can replace the existing CSLA designs. Keywords: Adder, Arithmetic Unit, Carry Select Adder, Delay Efficient
Abstract
A Novel Minimal Path Algorithm for the Extraction of Curve-Like Structures
Arun Gopi, Deepa. D
Abstract: Minimal path techniques can efficiently extract geometrically curve-like structures by finding the path with minimal accumulated cost between two given endpoints. The conventional minimal path techniques suffer from some notable problems such as endpoint problem, shortcut problem and accumulation problem. Here a Minimal path techniques that can efficiently extract geometrically curve-like structures is find out as a solution called Minimal Path Propagation with Backtracking (MPP-BT). The MPP-BT method first applies a minimal path propagation from one single starting point and then, at each reached point, traces certain steps back to the starting point. The backtracking in the proposed approach goes beyond the basic tracking backward operation by fully exploiting the information on visiting preference and cost increments during this backtracking process to give an overall effective structure extraction. A robust stopping strategy is built by evaluating the evolution of cost increments in backtracking during the propagation. It only requires a coarsely user-defined starting point for the whole structure extraction and is robust to parameter setting. The three problems can be well solved by the discriminative revisiting and the cost resetting scheme along the backtracking paths in the proposed MPP-BT method. This MPP-BT algorithm was tested on 2D crack images and 2D vessel images. Keywords: Curve-like structure, centerline, minimal path tracking, backtracking, endpoint problem, shortcut problem, accumulation problem.
Abstract
Comparison of Thresholding Techniques for Segmentation of Blood vessels from Retinal Fundus Images
Hanna A. Hakkim, Tess Mathew
Abstract: Voltage sags have always been a more threat to sensitive industrial and commercial electrical consumers, and deep sags with long duration time are usually more intolerable. In this paper, a new study of series-connected compensator is presented to mitigate long duration deep sags, and the solatium ability is highly improved with an unrivalled shunt converter structure acting as a parasitic boost circuit that has been theoretically analyzed. Additionally, the projected active voltage quality regulator is a cost effective solution for long duration sags that are lower than 50%of the nominal voltage as it is transformerless compared with the traditional dynamic voltage restorer. High operation efficiency is ensured by applying the dc-link voltage adaptive control method. Analysis, along with simulation and experimental results, is presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the projected study. Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Dynamic Sag Correction, Long Duration Deep Sag, Parasitic Boost Circuit, Series Connect Compensator.
Abstract
Image Processing for Analyzing Ice Floes and the Floe Size Distributions
Anjana Lakshmi K G, Nissa Surling
Abstract: Sea ice, which is defined as any form of ice that forms as a result of seawater freezing. Various types of sea ice can be found in ice-covered regions. Ice floe, which is the flat pieces of sea ice, can range from meters to kilometers in size. The floe size distribution is a basic parameter of sea ice that affects the behavior of sea-ice extent, both dynamically and thermodynamically. The sea ice features were collected using an unmanned aerial vehicle and several image processing algorithms have been applied to samples of sea-ice images to extract useful information about sea ice. The sea ice statistics were used to calculate climate and wave and structure of ice. The calculation of sea ice statistics seems to be challenging due to difficulties in ice floe identification, particularly the separation of seemingly connected ice floes. To solve this. Problem the gradient vector flow (GVF) snake algorithm is applied. To evolve the GVF snake algorithm automatically, an initialization based on the distance transform is proposed to detect individual ice floes, and the morphological cleaning is afterward applied to smoothen the shape of each identified ice floe. Based on the identification result, the image is separated into four different layers: ice floes, brash pieces, slush, and water. This makes it further possible to present a color map of the ice floes and brash pieces based on sizes, and the corresponding ice floe size distribution histogram. The proposed algorithm yields an acceptable identification result. Sea ice statistics helps in providing an early warning of an ice compaction event, which can be dangerous if the ice-structure interaction mode changes from a "slurry flow" type to a "pressured ice" type. Keywords: Ice floe, GVF snake algorithm, brash pieces, slush, and water.
Abstract
An Experimental Study on the Various Parameters of Tesla Turbine Using CFD
Rakesh Jose, Ajay Jose, Albin Benny, Asbin Salus, Bilbin Benny
Abstract: Conventional turbines are mainly of two type's reaction or impulse. Often a lot of technical challenges are faced by conventional turbines by sediment erosion. Financial feasibility of power plants is depended mainly on innovations to prevent wear and tear of mechanical equipment's or some new alternatives which can handle these conditions in a better way. Tesla turbine is one among an unconventional turbine that uses mainly fluid properties like boundary layer and adhesion of fluid on f smooth discs which are serially keyed in to a shaft. It has been gaining interest. It provides a simple design which can be produced easily and maintained at low cost. It can be useful in plants for pumping of water and other viscous fluids. Tesla Turbine pump can been used as a blood pump. This paper is presented in context of project by final year mechanical engineering students of Viswajyothi College of Engineering and Technology, Vazhakulam, Kerala to understand working of Tesla Turbine. For this design and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a tesla turbine was carried out. The models thus created were used for computational analysis. Keywords: Tesla Turbine, Boundary layer, Tesla pump, CFD
Abstract
A Theoretical Study on Surface Finish, Spacing between Discs and Performance of Tesla Turbine
Rakesh Jose, Ajay Jose, Albin Benny, Asbin Salus, Bilbin Benny
Abstract: This turbine, invented by Nikola Tesla in (1856-1943), is a bladeless turbine. Tesla turbine disks and a flexible test rig was designed and manufactured, and experimental results are studied. An analysis of the performance and efficiency of the tesla turbine is carried out. The entire study of the flexible test rig has been explained in detail. In this Turbine there are no blades, instead parallel and closely spaced discs were used. Resistance to flow of fluid between the plates results in the energy transfer to the shaft on one side. High velocity water enters the disk at the inlet pack through nozzle path tangent towards the outer edge of the discs. Convergent nozzle imparts higher velocity water jet tangentially on disc. Lower-energy water spirals towards the exit port at the centre, adhesion, drag and centrifugal forces continue to convert the kinetic energy to rotate the shaft. The results of the study represent various steps towards the development of boundary layer turbine. It has been determined that the surface roughness and spacing has a major part in the performance of the tesla disc turbines significantly. Efficiency can be improved at least up to 45%, which has been deemed achievable. Keywords: Boundary layer Turbine, disc Turbine, bladeless, Tesla. Turbine
Abstract
Advanced Image Quality Measures Algorithm For Biometric Detection
Reshma S.R, Shally K
Abstract: Security is major concern for today's scenario. Inorder to meet the growing needs of security, several researches are done to provide more privacy to the user. In this paper, an authentication method using image quality assessment is used. There are various biometric methods are available, sclera vein recognition, iris recognition ,face recognition etc.Since there are so many techniques are available they are not so reliable. Nowadays biometrics systems are attacked by using fake samples. Since biometrics are concentrated on their accuracy it suffers from the innate disadvantage of time consumption during enrolment and verification process. Even the sclera patterns can be faked to access the biometric systems. Inorder to make the system more efficient, image quality measures are used to detect the input image as real or fake. The proposed method extract 25 image quality measures and confirms whether the input biometric sample is real or fake. This methodology has been compared with QDA and Naive Bayes classifiers. Keywords: QDA, biometrics, security spoofing, image quality assessment.
Abstract
MRI segmentation using ASFCM and Monte Carlo Simulation of Positron Emission Tomography Tumor Images
Dhanya .F.E, Sandhya .S
Abstract: MRI and CT images are commonly used for disease detection. Another method used in this area - Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for image analysis. For clinical PET scanning, positron emission radioactive isotopes are injected into the human body. The following are the major drawbacks of this type of scanning: (1) radioactive isotopes have side effects on patients and (2) PET scan is expensive. For these two reasons, PET simulators are needed for physical and clinical research. This work proposes a new method to simulate the PET image of the brain with Monte Carlo simulation in Matlab. For the simulation, MRI and CT based, segmented image, is used as the original image. In order to produce a correct segmentation of MR Images the intensity non - uniformity (INU) artifact needs to be modelled and compensated. Adaptive Spatial Fuzzy Center Means segmentation is used for brain tissue segmentation of MRI. It is based on Fuzzy Center Means that address both INU artifact and local spatial continuity. Keywords: INU artifact, FCM, ASFCM, membership values, clusters, fuzziness factor
Abstract
Modelling and Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System Using PID Controller
Veena Vijayan, Priya P.S
Abstract: This paper deals with the dynamic model and analysis of a Wind energy conversion system equipped with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG).There are different types of synchronous generators, but the PMSG is chosen in order to obtain its dynamic model. It offers better performance due to higher efficiency and less maintenance since it does not have rotor current and can be used without gearbox. The PMSG, wind speed, wind turbine and drive train have been model led and the mathematical equations that explain their behaviour have been introduced .Simulation results prove the validity of the model. Using pi the speed is tracked and the PMSG output is obtained. Keywords: Wind speed, drive train, wind turbine, PMSG
Abstract
Adaptive Hierarchical Clustering Based ECG Pattern Classification
Mebby Jasmin Benny, Divya Subhash
Abstract: This paper gives a review of ECG analysis using cross wavelet transform method. The application of the continuous wavelet transform to two time series and the cross examination of the two decompositions reveal localized similarities in time and frequency. Application of the XWT to a pair of data yields wavelet cross spectrum (WCS) and wavelet coherence (WCOH). The algorithm analyzes ECG data utilizing XWT and explores the resulting spectral differences. Hierarchical clustering extracts the parameter(s) from the WCS and WCOH. Empirical tests establish that the parameter(s) are relevant for classification of normal and abnormal cardiac patterns. The accuracy is higher than normal wavelet denoising and threshold based classification Keywords: Hierarchical clustering, wavelet cross spectrum, wavelet coherence,
Abstract
Enhanced Face Recognition System with Combined SIFT and T-test Methods
Neethu Krishnan S, Sonia George
Abstract: Face recognition has attracted much attention because of its wide applications. However, face recognition is still an unsolved problem as human face is not a rigid object and it can be transformed easily under large intra-class facial variations such as pose, illumination, expression and small inter-class difference. In some cases the difference of face image of same person could be larger than those from different one. Therefore, how to represent the intrinsic attributes of a human face effectively becomes much more important to increase the accuracy of face recognition systems. Proposed system uses person-specific SIFT features and a simple non-statistical matching strategy to solve face recognition problems and also uses t-test algorithm for feature selection. First, Region of interest is deduced from the face image using object detector which has advantage over Haar cascade object detection which is effective only on frontal image. In the feature extraction step, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is applied. In contrast to Gabor features, SIFT features are invariant to image scaling, rotation and also partially invariant to illumination. Then the dimension of the feature space is reduced by defining features over regions of interest that are selected by t-test feature selection with feature correlation weighting. T-test is done based on high probability feature index with common features from different class is given low probability value and also high probability value for discriminant features that is enlarge the variation between the classes and minimize the similarity .In image classification, matching strategy is used. If the matching value is high the image is recognized. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm yield superior performance with much lower dimensionality as compared to performance on the original data or on data transformed with other dimensionality-reduction approaches. Keywords: Scale Invariant Feature Transform, T-test.
Abstract
Pansharpening using Gravitational Search Algorithm
Arya Krishnan P.S, Chithira Rakshmi G
Abstract: Pansharpening combines a low-resolution color multispectral image with a high-resolution grayscale panchromatic image. Multiresolution image fusion is an algorithmic approach to combine a PAN image with MS image. It combines the clear geometric features of the panchromatic image and the color information of the multispectral image. The objective of this fusion process is to enhance the spatial resolution of the multispectral images to make important features more apparent for human or machine perception. This enhancement is performed by injecting the high frequency component of the panchromatic image into the lower resolution ones without deteriorating the spectral component in the fused product. Here, gravitational search based image fusion technique is used. The fused image is essentially constructed by using the properties of panchromatic and multispectral images within a window to determine the weighting factors of the input images. To obtain accurate edge details, edge detector is used to locate the edge pixels in the initial estimate and gives better edge details in the final solution. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Keywords: PAN, MS, Pansharpening, GSA.
Abstract
A Method of Removing and Recovering Clouds in Satellite Images based on Image Inpainting
Geethu Chandran A J, Christy Jojy
Abstract: Cloud cover is generally present in remotely sensed images, which limits the potential of the images for ground information extraction. Therefore, removing the clouds and recovering the ground information for the cloud- contaminated images is often necessary in many applications. In this project, propose a cloud removal approach based on image inpainting. The approach removes cloud-contaminated portions of a satellite image and then reconstructs the information of missing data utilizing temporal correlation of multi temporal images. In order to remove the noise in the classified image weighted trimmed median filter is used. It is possible to remove the isolated shadow pixels in the non- shadow area and isolated non-shadow pixels in the shadow area of the classified image. The median filter works by moving through the image pixel by pixel, replacing each value with the median value of neighbouring pixels. Comparisons with existing algorithms our approach achieves better results in terms of misclassification probability and, in particular, to be very effective in cloud removal. Keywords: Cloud Detection, Remote Sensing, Satellite Imaging, Image inpainting.
Abstract
Effect of Stitch Line Sealants on Energy Efficiency Pocket Filters
Roy K. Varghese
Abstract: In recent decades there has been a growing concern about the quality of the air we breathe indoors. Air cleaners are integral part of commercial HVAC systems and widely used to control both particulate and gaseous pollutants in indoor spaces. Different fields of applications require different degrees of air cleaning effectiveness. Fiberglass pocket filters have been widely used in commercial air filtration. A study of high efficiency pocket type filters made out of ultrafine glass fibers were carried out. The relationship between media area and performance parameters such as media velocity and pressure drop was investigated. The effect of stitch line sealants on the consumption of power has given positive directions in our mission to reduce carbon footprint in future buildings. Keywords: Air cleaners, Stitch line sealants, Pressure drop, Carbon footprint.
Abstract
Control of Renewable Energy System with Hydrogen Storage
Shinitha Pushparathy D, Arya Vijayan
Abstract: Present world rely on conventional non renewable energy resources which are now closer to depletion. Time has come to switch on to the renewable energy resources to meet the demands of increasing human population. Though the above case compels us to switch on, the practical difficulties regarding the renewable energy resources remain a problem. Intermittent nature of renewable energy resources and its cost in practical implementation slow down any change from conventional methods. The problem of intermittent energy can be solved by using a backup system such as battery, super capacitor etc. In this paper, a renewable energy system is presented with hydrogen storage. The system consists of a photovoltaic panel, an electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank and a fuel cell. Each model is then integrated in MATLAB simulink environment. A suitable power management system is designed in order to solve the problem of intermittent nature of renewable energy sources such that an electrolyzer is activated during the time of excess power. Thus, power is stored in the form of hydrogen. During deficit power, fuel cell is activated and the stored hydrogen is converted into electricity to meet the load demand. Model Predictive Controller is designed over electrolyzer and fuel cell in a decentralized manner inorder to control hydrogen generation and storage by rectifying the slow power response time of hydrogen. Keywords: MPC, MPPT, photovoltaic, renewable.
Abstract
Application of Fractional Order Cascade Control to a Brake-By-Wire Actuator for Sport Motorcycles
Abhilash K. S, Krishnapriya T Nair
Abstract: Fractional Order cascade control architecture to a brake-by-wire system which adapts the suitable controlling actions on breaking system for motor racing applications is described. An electromechanical actuator consisting of an electric motor, a transmission, a master cylinder, and a traditional hydraulic brake (pipe and calliper) are the consisting components of the system. A mathematical model of the system is derived and a fractional order cascade control is proposed. System consisting of two zones, dead zone and operative zone which are correspondingly the inner loop as well as outer of the controller. The inner loop is a position controller and outer a pressure controller. The outer loop features an adaptation mechanism to cope with the nonlinearies of the position-pressure relationship. The stability and robustness of the system are proven. Keywords: Actuator control, adaptive control, automotive, brake-by-wire (BBW), nonlinear control.
Abstract
Data-Driven Neuroendocrine Ultra short Feedback Control System for Conical Tank Process
Azeem A.L, Krishnapriya T Nair
Abstract: The proportional integral derivative (PID) Controllers are frequently used in industries for nearly a century due to its efficiency, simplicity and flexibility. In recent times, the control of non-linear processes in the industries have turned the attention towards the intelligent controllers such as, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Neural Networks Controller, Adaptive Controller, Genetic Algorithm tuned Controllers, etc. This paper focuses on the analysis of data-driven neuroendocrine ultrashort feedback controller (DNUC) for conical tank level process. A conical tank is a highly nonlinear process due to the variation in the area of cross section of the level system with change in shape. In this work, data-driven biointelligent controller is designed for the control of nonlinear process to guarantee the exact level maintenance. For this work, DNUC is compared with Conventional P, PI, PID and Fuzzy Logic Controller. The simulation results are obtained for the nonlinear conical tank process. Simulation results show that DNUC has a better performance compared to other controllers. Keywords: Data-driven control, ultrashort feedback unit, neuroendocrine ultrashort feedback, Virtual reference feedback tuning, conical tank.
Abstract
Case Study on Different Controller Tuning for PI Controller in Networked Dc Motor System
Raji .S, Shammy Arun Mathew
Abstract: Advanced fault detection and accommodation schemes are required for ensuring efficient and reliable operation of modern Networked DC Motor System. The control and filtering approach has received a lot of attention from the control community. So using a controller with better tuning method to reduce the error. This paper presents a flexible and fast tuning method based on Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) to determine the optimal parameters of the PI controller for the desired system specifications. The HSA improvises, update and check operators obtain optimal solution for defined objective function. Two important control parameters have been adjusted to obtain better solution. The simulation results demonstrate that the designed HSA based controller realize a good dynamic behavior of the DC motor, a perfect speed tracking with less rise and settling time, minimum overshoot, minimum steady state error and give better performance compared to conventional PI controller. Keywords: Sensor fault tolerant, Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, Networked Control System (NCS), Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA).
Abstract
A Modified Method for Segmentation of Digital Skin Lesion Images
Revathi V.L, Chithra A.S
Abstract: Skin cancer is the most dangerous form of cancer. Images of melanoma taken from dermatoscope. Dermoscopy images have great potential in the early diagnostic of malignant melanoma, which is a type of skin cancer, but their interpretation is time consuming and subjective, even for trained dermatologists. Automatic lesion segmentation is an important part of computer-based image analysis of pigmented skin lesions. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer if left untreated. There is a need for an automated system to assess a patient's risk of melanoma using photographs of their skin lesions. In this project, for improving the segmentation accuracy, a segmentation algorithm based on Probabilistic Fuzzy C Means clustering (PFCM) is proposed. PFCM produces memberships and possibilities simultaneously, along with the cluster centers for each cluster. This approach combines the spatial probabilistic information and the fuzzy membership function in the clustering process. The proposed probabilistic fuzzy c-means method can deal effectively with image segmentation in a noisy environment. Next, regions in the image are classified as normal skin or lesion based on the occurrence of representative texture distributions. Keywords: Skin cancer, Image segmentation, Dermatoscope, PFCM.
Abstract
Strength and Durability Study on Banana Fibre Reinforced Lime Stabilized Kuttanad Soil
Prajisha J. P, Ajitha A. R
Abstract: Soft soils can be improved with reinforcement in the form of randomly distributed fibers of natural and synthetic types. In Alappuzha district in Kerala, the soil is very weak and plantain tree trunks are used conventionally inorder to improve the soil. In this context, a detailed study is undertaken to investigate the strength behaviour of the soil reinforced with randomly included banana fibres. The samples were reinforced with untreated and rubber coated banana fibres. The optimum percentage of fibres was added to soil in addition with lime also. The banana fibre reinforced soil samples are then subjected to compaction tests and unconfined compressive strength tests to study its strength behaviour. Tests were also done to study the effect of alkaline medium (calcium hydroxide) and fresh water on the durability of untreated and rubber coated banana fibres. Keywords: Banana fibre, Kuttanad soil, unconfined compression test, rubber coated, durability.
Abstract
Comparison of Water and Ethylene Glycol as Engine Coolants and Experimental Investigation on Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Azeem Anzar, N R M Ashiq, Mohamed Shaheer S, Mohammad Ahal, Mohammed Shan N
Abstract: Biodiesel exhibits many good properties such as non-toxic fuel, renewable fuel, emits less amount of CO2 and NOx and highly biodegradable. Burning of petroleum based fuel results in the accumulation of carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide in the environment [1] and also day by day the cost of petroleum based fuels are increasing. It has been proved in many studies that the algae grown in CO2-enriched air can be effectively utilized for converting it to oily substance(algae oil) and by doing trans-esterification process biodiesel can be produced. In this study algae' belonging to the Oedogonium species [2] is used for biodiesel production and the byproduct obtained through this process is glycerin. Cooling is very much essential for IC engines because high temperatures damage engine materials and lubricants. Engine cooling removes heat energy fast enough to keep temperatures low so that the engine can survive. A cooling curve test was performed in order to find the effect of using glycerin as engine coolant by mixing 50% of glycerin with 50% of water [3]. The experiment was conducted on kirloskar made 4 stroke single cylinder vertical hand cranking type diesel engine. The main focus of this experiment was to determine the rate of heat carried away by coolant and specific fuel consumption. Temperature of coolant at outside was varied, while the speed of engine was kept constant. To achieve a particular temperature for ethylene glycol based coolant, the flow rate was made to reach a required value and it was compared with the flow rate of water. Keywords: Algae oil, Biodiesel, Renewable resource, Trans-esterification, coolant, Glycerol based coolants, heat carried, Specific fuel consumption, cooling curve test.
Abstract
Usage of Glycerin as an Engine Coolant and Experimental Investigation on Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Archa M R, Sreedevi R C
Abstract: Among AC drives permanent magnet synchronous motor drives, have been widely used in the field of high performance due to its advantageous features. For electric drives good dynamic response is mandatory for the sudden variations in machine parameters .This work presents a simple and robust speed control scheme of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). It is to achieve accurate control performance in the presence of load torque and plant parameter variation.Vector control scheme is used to simplify the PMSM drive. .Kalman Observer is used for estimating the speed of the motor. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique is employed to obtain the required output voltage in the line side of the inverter. Simulation results clearly show that the proposed control scheme can track the speed reference signal successfully under parameter uncertainties and load torque disturbance. Keywords: Vector Control, SVPWM, Kalman Observer
Abstract
Robust Speed Control of PMSM Drive System
Arya.B.R, Anish.S, Swapna.M
Abstract: Operation of pan involves evaporation and crystallization, which in effect means concentration of material of different purities and growth of sugar crystals to the desired size. The process at the initial stage of the pan is similar to the process of evaporator section. If the required temperature at a particular height is obtained, then the desired concentration can also be achieved. So the dependence of temperature of the syrup on the level is of considerable importance. Hence the level and temperature at the initial stage of pan is controlled here. Comparison between conventional controller and advance controller is done to control the level of the pan at the initial stage and the results are verified. Keywords: PID controller, MPC controller, modelling, juice.
Abstract
Advanced Control of Pans in Sugar Plant
Shiji S.R, Anish.S, Swapna.M
Abstract: The boiler is a fundamental part of almost all industries. It varies in application from low pressure to high pressure. The proper and safe control of the steam drum water level is the most crucial operation of the boiler. The boiler may get damaged due to overheating, if the level is too low, and also, due to overflow of water, if the level is too high. Therefore, there exists an optimum interface level between steam and water within the boiler drum. The steam boiler drum level is characterized by a high extent of nonlinearity, uncertainty, disturbance and overshoot.. The cascade-three parameters water level control system includes boiler drum water level, steam flow and water supply. Boiler drum water level is controlled by using cascaded Proportional Integral Derivative(PID) controller technique and then optimization is done by using Model Predictive Controller(MPC).Simulations are done in 210MW thermal power plant. The comparative analysis shows the better result when an advanced controller such as MPC is used. MPC has a comparatively less overshoot than PID controller and much faster settling occurs for an MPC , which shows the superiority of MPC. Keywords: PID Controller, MPC Controller, Process Variables (PV)
Abstract
Boiler Drum Level Control In Thermal Power Plant
Soumya A.V, J. Belwin Edward
Abstract: An island is formed when one or more DR units and sets of loads are disconnected from the utility system and remain operational. This paper discuss about the different islanding detection methods used for anti-islanding protection in EPS. Anti-islanding methods are generally classified as passive, active, hybrid and communication based methods. Active methods are more preferred, passive methods are much simpler, communication based methods have perfect performance whereas hybrid methods is a combination of both active and passive methods and have improved performance. Here the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are compared and discussed. Keywords: Islanding, anti-islanding detection, active, passive, hybrid, communication based
Abstract
Review of Islanding Detection Techniques for Distributed Energy Sources
B Syama Uday, J Mohanalin, Sreekala Devi
Abstract: Cardiac arrhythmia is a serious and life threatening condition of abnormal heart rhythm. Cardiologists mostly rely upon Electrocardiogram (ECG) to diagnose various cardiovascular disorders. Due to various technical limitations in the visual or conventional analysis of ECG, Computer Aided Design (CAD) and analysis of ECG is introduced. Many automatic algorithms were developed for the prediction of cardiac arrhythmia from ECG signal. This paper presents a simple algorithm for the prediction of Cardiac arrhythmia from the ECG signal using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The input to the classifier is the morphological and temporal features extracted by means of the Pan Tompkins algorithm from different ECG signals obtained from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and PTB diagnostic ECG database. The results were evaluated in MATLAB and satisfactory results obtained with a classification accuracy of 98.8%. Keywords: Cardiac arrhythmia, ECG, Artificial Neural Network, Confusion matrix, Classification accuracy
Abstract
ANN based Prediction of Cardiac Arrhythmia
Hemilda Carmel, Sreedevi R C
No abstract available.
Abstract
Stator Voltage Control of a Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator- A Sliding Mode Approach
Sneha V L, Revathy Sasidharan
Abstract: Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has witnessed double digit growth in the past decade. Maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) keeps the photovoltaic systems continuously delivering the maximum power output to the utility, regardless of the variation in environment condition. To improve the performance of MPPT, a two-level adaptive control architecture is proposed here. System complexity is reduced, control and the uncertainties in the photovoltaic systems are effectively handled. The first level of control is ripple correlation control (RCC) which is an MPPT method copes with many drawbacks of other algorithms and the second level of control is model reference adaptive control (MRAC) which compensates for the undesired characteristic of the photovoltaic power conversion system. By coupling these two control algorithms, the system achieves MPPT with overall system stability. From the results, the proposed control algorithm enables the system to converge to the maximum power point in milliseconds. The system shows no oscillatory response even after there is a change in the environmental conditions. Keywords: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), Photovoltaic system, Ripple correlation control (RCC),Model reference adaptive controller(MRAC)
Abstract
A Two Level Control Algorithm for the Maximum Power Point Tracking of Solar Photovoltaic System
Greeshma V J, Revathy Sasidharan
Abstract: Battery charging process is non-linear, time-varying with a considerable time delay so it is difficult to achieve the best energy management performance by using traditional control approaches. To achieve the optimal charging and discharging status of the battery, a fuzzy control strategy is developed. The membership function database of the fuzzy sets, the fuzzification of the input and output variables and the evaluation of the fuzzy rules are used to support the control strategy. The Fuzzy Logic Algorithm used in battery charging process improves the efficiency of battery charging process and enhances the battery life. Keywords: Battery charge control, Dynamic modeling of battery, Conventional controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller
Abstract
Battery Charging Control using Fuzzy Logic based Controller in a Photovoltaic System
No abstract available.
Abstract
Model Predictive Control for Intravenous Anaesthesia
Nisha Sugathan, Sreekala Devi.K
Abstract: Anaesthesia plays a very important role in surgery and in the intensive care unit. It is defined as a reversible pharmacological state of patient where hypnosis, analgesia, and muscle relaxation are guaranteed. Automatic control of anaesthesia is incorporated in order to minimize the effort of doctors. To estimate the drug effect in the patient's body and calculate the corresponding drug infusion rates patient models are used. Due to the inherent complexity and variability of the patient dynamics difficulty in obtaining a good model is high. A detailed compartment mathematical model featuring pharmacokinetic model and Pharma co dynamics model is used to represent the distribution of drugs in the body. The pharmacokinetic model represents the relation between the drug administration and drug concentration in the body whereas the Pharma co dynamics model represents the relation between the concentration of the drug in the central compartment and the effect observed on the patient. Keywords: Aaesthesia, mp-MPC, BIS
Abstract
Modelling and Control of Grid Connected Wave Energy Converter Using Sliding Mode Controller
Shibi B S, Renu V
Abstract: Wave energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources for generating electricity. To extract energy from ocean waves, Wave Energy Converters (WEC) play an important role. One of the WEC types is the Point Absorber which is an oscillating type WEC that extracts the heave, or vertical motion from a wave. It consists of a cylindrical structure which is directly connected to the power takeoff system (PTO) which is connected to the grid through cable. The vertical motions of the point absorber compresses and expands the fluid and make the generator to rotate. The PTO system consists of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) which transforms the mechanical energy to electrical energy. The time domain simulations of point absorber are performed to evaluate the power take off capabilities of the modeled WEC. The overall system is obtained by connecting the hydrodynamic model to the PTO system. To obtain the maximum power it is required to reduce the voltage fluctuations at the grid side. Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is implemented at the grid side to generate maximum power by reducing the voltage fluctuations. The output voltage settles at the reference value but due to high switching frequency of SMC, output voltage exhibits disturbances. Keywords: Wave Energy Converter (WEC), Power Take off (PTO), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), Sliding Mode Control (SMC).
Abstract
Adaptive Back stepping Approach for Longitudinal Control of Aircraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Aiswarya Raj, Ashima C R
Abstract: Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles provide the possibility of performing tasks and missions that are currently hazardous or can cost lives. Here a nonlinear model of the unmanned aerial vehicle is used in order to describe the longitudinal dynamics which is highly complicated in itself. Therefore an adaptive back stepping controller is employed, the underlying feature of which is a dynamic parameter adaptation law. The control input is derived based on the Lyapunov stability theorems, that guarantees asymptotic stability design phase itself. The control law along with the parameter adaptation law gives a better regulation when compared with other linear control techniques. Software implementation is carried our using MATHLAB Simulink. Simulation results validate the fact that the controller works satisfactory. Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Lyapunov stability; Adaptive back stepping controller
Abstract
A model reference adaptive control system for the automatic control of cane feeding system in a cane sugar factory
Maheswary mohan, Abhir Raj Metkar, Priyanka CP
Abstract: Cane raw sugar factory consist of a series of chemical and mechanical process. Cane feeding section, milling section, evaporator section etc are the main sections of a cane raw sugar factory. For the steady feed of cane into the milling plant it is very important to control the entire cane feeding system automatically. The manual mode of controlling may trip the entire cane feeding and milling system. This paper describes the automatic control of cane feeding section of a cane raw sugar factory through model reference adaptive control approach(MRAC). The plant model including the dynamics of kicker, leveller, fibrizor, Donnelly chute etc makes the system more complex. In order to reduce the complexity of controlling the entire system a logical control scheme is necessary. Steady feed of cane can be achieved by controlling the speed of cane carrier motor and rake elevator motor. Set point of the cane carrier and rake elevator motor control system can be varied by this logical control scheme for the steady feed of cane into the milling section. A model reference adaptive control system can be use to implement the control scheme. MRAC shows better control performance than a conventional controller. Keywords: MRAC, MIT rule, PI, PID
Abstract
Development, Characterization and Qualification of Aerospace Ablative Composites
Mohan Kumar .L, Anandapadmanabhan EN, Usha KM1, Chakravarthy .P
Abstract: Ablative composites are fibre-reinforced matrix composites capable of withstanding high temperatures, pressures and particle impingement. They find wide ranging applications in solid rocket motor nozzles, liquid engine throats, control thrusters, re-entry nose caps, leading edges etc. These components encounter extremely hostile service conditions. The high temperature, pressure, velocity of hot exhaust gases, heat flux, particle impingement of the solid propellant particles etc contribute to harsh environment inside the nozzles. Similarly, during re-retry of space vehicles, the vehicle is to be protected from the frictional aerodynamic heating. High temperature resistant metals or alloys cannot survive these extreme operating conditions. While the metallic structure provides the necessary structural capability, high performance composite materials are required for thermal protection. Ablative composites generally use Carbon or Silica as the reinforcement and phenolic resin as the matrix resin. These are processed using a complex processing cycle starting from impregnating the fibres with phenolic resin followed by moulding or winding prepare tapes over metallic mandrels before polymerization under pressure in Autoclave/Hydro claves. The property of ablation of these high performance composites is utilised to protect the metallic backup structure from thermal degradation during the firing of the solid rocket motors and during re-entry manoeuvres of space capsules. The mechanism of ablation and the desirable properties of ablative composites are explained. This paper describes the synthesis of carbon phenolics and silica phenolics, the most important and widely used ablatives in rocket launch vehicles and re-entry missions. The state-of-the-art technologies in the field of high temperature resistant composite processing are addressed in detail. Various processing techniques like hand layup, tape winding, mounding and curing and their relative importance are clearly enumerated. Special processing techniques, innovative and improvised processes and characterization methods are explained. The common defects and non-conformances encountered during processing too are mentioned. Finally, the qualification and evaluation schemes being followed for ablative composites are addressed. Keywords: Composites, fiber-reinforced plastics, ablatives, carbon-phenolic, silica-phenolic, hydro lave, curing
Abstract
Solar PV array Fed BLDC Motor using Buck-Boost Converter with Minimized Torque Ripple
Venma Prabhash, Vandana P
Abstract: Solar energy is an important renewable resource which is abundant in nature and free of running cost though its installation cost is higher. Trapped solar energy is used to run motors for different applications. Motors used for applications are dc motors, induction motors or BLDC motors of which BLDC motors are more advantageous. BLDC motor is fed from a voltage source inverter which has a dc link capacitor at the front end. The life time of dc link capacitor is affected by its operating temperature and cost increases with the use of dc link capacitor. Cost and bulkiness of motor drive is reduced by eliminating the dc link capacitor but it results arising torque ripple at the output of motor. Thus to minimize the torque ripple, a new method is proposed where the dc link capacitor is replaced by a ceramic capacitor and a switch. It reduces the torque ripple due to elimination of electrolytic capacitor and the compensation capacitor is only around 3 % of original dc link capacitor. Keywords: BLDC motor, solar PV, Buck- Boost converter, P&O-MPPT, torque ripple compensation.
Abstract
Advanced Tuberculosis Detection System Using Chest Radiographs
Ambalekshmi R Chand, Gopakrishna M Raj
Abstract: Automated tuberculosis detection systems will help radiologists to diagnose the disease easily. The proposed system implements an advanced detection system using chest radiographs. The system uses a minimum cross entropy segmentation for extracting the lung regions from chest radiographs. After the segmentation process several features are extracted for the classification stage. A probabilistic neural network was used for the classification. The images are classified as normal or abnormal by the classifier. Keywords: Tuberculosis, minimum cross entropy, computer aided diagnosis, chest X-ray, tamura.
Abstract
A New Secure Image Transmission Through Secret-Fragment-Visible Partial mosaic image Transformation
Muneera U A, Hema S
Abstract: A new secure image transmission is proposed which transform automatically a given secret image into a secret partial fragment partial mosaic image. The partial mosaic image which looks similar to a promptly selected mask image is created by dividing the secret image into blocks and transferring the colour characteristics to be those blocks of mask image. Efficient techniques are created to conduct the colour conversion process so that the secret image may be retrieved losslessly. A technique of handling the overflows/underflows in the altered pixel's colour space is also proposed .The information required for retrieving the secret image is inserted into the created partial mosaic image by a lossless data hiding scheme using a key. Good experimental result shows the practicality of the proposed method. Keywords: Three Dimensional Grid, 3-D Images; 3-D Image Processing, 3-D Image Analysis.
Abstract
Robust Cell Detection for Automatic Ki-67 Counting Using Adaptive Fuzzy C- Means Clustering and Classification
Akshara A.R, Divya Subhash
Abstract: Neuro endocrine tumor (NET) is one of the most common cancers leading to death worldwide. Many studies have emphasized the importance of Ki-67 as the proliferation marker in the neuro endocrine tumor. Automatic Ki-67 assessment is very challenging due to complex variations of cell characteristics. In this paper, we propose an integrated learning based framework using Fuzzy C means clustering (FCM) for accurate automatic Ki-67 counting for NET and to localize both tumor and non-tumor cells. Unlike the non-fuzzy clustering algorithms, FCM is less sensitive to noise and give better results for overlapped data sets. For feature selection t-test algorithm is used. The t-test has been used to rank features for microarray data. For multi-class problems, t - statistics value for each gene of each class is calculated by evaluating the difference between the mean of all the classes, where the difference is standardized by the within class standard deviation. The automatic Ki-67 counting is quite accurate compared with pathologists' manual annotations. This is much more accurate than existing methods. Keywords: Neuro endocrine tumor, cell detection, classification, Ki-67, segmentation.
Abstract
Density Estimation of Brain Tumour using Markovian Random Function in Magnetic Resonance Images
Priya S Ramesh, Hema S
Abstract: Tumour is a mass of tissue that grows out of control of the normal forces that regulates growth. Brain tumour is abnormal and uncontrolled proliferations of cells. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are the two most common tests undertake to confirm the presence of brain tumour and to identify its location for selected specialist treatment options. Brain tumour in MRI has been recent area of research in the field of automated medical diagnosis as the death rate is higher among humans due to brain tumour. In automated medical diagnostic systems magnetic resonance images (MRI) gives better results than computed tomography (CT) as magnetic resonance imaging provides greater contrast between different soft tissues in our human body. Therefore MRI is much efficient in brain and cancer imaging. There is number of methods already presented for brain tumour segmentation. But these methods have so many disadvantages on the SNR ratio and efficiency. The method of brain tumour segmentation is nothing but the differentiation of different tumour area from Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. There are number of methods already presented for segmentation of brain tumour efficiently. However it's still critical to identify the brain tumour from MR images. The algorithm proposed here for segmentation is focuses to segment the image depth wise usually colour segmentation. The density can be calculated by considering the area of the tumour. Keywords: depth estimation; markovian segmentation; k means clustering; density estimation.
Abstract
Reversible Data Hiding on Textures Combining Patch Based and Pixel Based Sampling
Sreedevi R T, Aswathy Devi T
Abstract: This Texture steganography is a developing area of image steganography. Data hiding in images leads to distortion in image and hence revealing its presence. In such a case it is more suitable to use texture images a cover images as distortion have less effect on texture images. New texture synthesis methods are evolving where as it is triggering the development of new data hiding algorithms using texture images. Reversible algorithms enable the recovery of sample texture from the stego texture. This texture synthesis process re-samples a small texture image in order to synthesize a new texture image with a similar local appearance and arbitrary size. Data hiding is done by incorporating pixel based and patch based sampling of textures. The patch based samples are pasted on to a plane work bench and thus offers a reference platform with reference to which the message oriented texture synthesis using pixel based samples is done. It offers three advantages: first of all reversibility of source texture which is not usually a feature of pixel based texture synthesis, secondly improved data embedding capacity to texture synthesis using patch based sampling and finally improved continuity and local appearance of output images. Keywords: Texture, texture synthesis, texture steganography, mask image.
Abstract
An Efficient Routing Protocol for Multiple Static Sources and Multiple Mobile Sinks in WSN
Meera G S, Priya Sekhar S, Shivam Patel
Abstract: The mobility of the sinks in the network would help to improve the lifetime of the network in many ways. Many routing protocols have been proposed for providing an efficient routing pattern in the network layer for a single sink scenario. In this paper we propose an efficient routing algorithm for routing towards multiple mobile sinks. Recent literatures have provided a protocol for routing towards a mobile sink, whose location is already known to the source in advance. But this early knowledge of the location of the mobile sink is not a feasible solution in practice. This paper proposes to use a gateway node to calculate location of the mobile sinks and hence route the data towards that sink using greedy forwarding. Steiner points are also introduced in the network as a solution for providing the routing pattern when multiple static sources are transmitting the data simultaneously. Simulation results have shown that our approach performs better than Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) and direct routing. Keywords: Mobile WSN, Steiner Tree, Elastic Routing, Energy efficient.
Abstract
Improved Scheduling of Scientific Workflows Using HDPSO
Merly Mathew, Jayalekshmi S
Abstract: In cloud computing, computing infrastructure is viewed as cloud, where all the individuals and business firms keep their data and access it from anywhere in the world on demand. It is the latest distributed computer paradigm after grid, utilities where everything is based on pay- per use. Workflow and task scheduling are the recent research topics in cloud. Many scheduling policies have been defined to maximise the amount of work, but however, many of them are not optimal. In this paper a meta-heuristic optimization technique, HDPSO is used to minimize the execution cost simultaneously meeting the deadline. Keywords: Cloud Computing, HDPSO, Scheduling, Workflow.
Abstract
Use of Sand-Tire Chip mixture as backfill for Geosynthetic reinforced walls
Radhika P Nair, Anitha Nelson
Abstract: In this work, an experimental investigation on the effectiveness of using soil-tire chip mixture as backfill for geosynthetic reinforced walls has been carried out. Earlier studies have established that sand-tire chip mixture has more shear strength than sand only backfill .In this study sand -tire chip mixtures containing 10%,20%and 30% tire chips were used as samples for Direct Shear test. Results revealed that adding tire chip increases the shear strength and maximum shear strength was obtained for 30% tire chip content. Higher shear strength and lower unit weight of sand-tire chip mixture make it effective for use as backfill material for various earth works. To study the effect of using this mixture in geosynthetic reinforced walls pull-out tests were carried out with a woven and non -woven PET geotextile. Test results shows that pull out force and Interaction coefficient increases with increasing tire chip content up to 30%.Further calculations were done to determine the number of geosynthetics and its embedded length required for retaining walls of different height. Both shows that walls using sand- 30%tire chip mixture backfill require less number and length of geosynthetic reinforcement than sand backfill. Lesser Rankine's lateral earth pressure force considerably increases the wall stability. These advantages make sand -tire chip mixture an efficient backfill material by considerably reducing the overall cost of retaining wall construction. This also opens an effective solution for disposal and reuse of scrap rubber tires which is accumulating in a huge quantity day by day. Keywords: Shear strength, Geosynthtic reinforced walls, Direct Shear test , Geotextile, Pull-out force.
Abstract
Adaptive Backstepping Control of Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Athulya R S, Ashima C R
Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also called unmanned aircraft systems, have recently reached unprecedented levels of growth in diverse military and civilian application domains. Quadrotor is basically an underactuated UAV. So control of a quadrotor UAV is difficult owing to the fact that it's a MIMO underactuated system subject to tight coupling and due to the presence of parameter uncertainties. In this work a sliding surface incorporated adaptive backstepping approach is proposed to control and stabilize the quadrotor. The validity of proposed control scheme is demonstrated by simulations using MATLAB simulink with different initial conditions. Simulation results validate the fact that the proposed controller gives better regulation. Keywords: Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle; Dynamics; Lyapunov Method; Sliding Surface based Adaptive Backstepping Contol.
Abstract
Robust Alzheimer’s disease Severity Classification in Compressed EEG Signal
Lekshmi G.S, Binu Chacko
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be the most common and the fastest growing neurological disease in the world. Biomarker tools for early diagnosis and disease progression in AD remain key issues for clinical applications, sanitary systems and pharmaceutical companies. Electroencephalogram (EEG) yields, a powerful and relatively cheap way for screening of dementia and AD in their early stages. Portable EEG systems based on wireless sensors can be used for unobtrusive long term monitoring provided they can solve technological problems. Clinical applications require intensive recording of massive EEG data, raising the need for efficient and flexible compression techniques. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and its prodromal stage is very important for possible delay of the disease, and there is thus a great deal of interest in the development of new methods for earlier detection. In this thesis, a novel approach to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from EEG is proposed with the use of decision tree classification algorithm combined with empirically determined regions of interest as attributes. In addition to this a model based Greedy search algorithm is used to allocate the weight value. Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Compressive Sensing, Greedy search algorithm, Decision tree classification.
Abstract
Transportation Accessibility Evaluation of Hospitals in Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
Sneha J P, R. Padma Kumar
Abstract: Transportation, an unavoidable factor for a growing economy has in turn resulted in the growth of road networks. This resulted in the increase of vehicles on road which increased the number of road accidents. These accidents happen because of the improper planned roads. To reduce the accidents, studies are often conducted, identifying the accident hotspots but the measures to be taken on occurrence of one is not often considered important. Time is the major constraint in case of emergency response thus helping the affected people within the Golden hour. Emergency response management systems ensure safe transfer of victims to the best possible hospitals within the golden hour. In this study, GIS techniques are used to improve the emergency response system available at accident locations. GIS analysis is used to do accessibility evaluation and to find out the shortest path from hospitals to the accident sites or from the site to the hospitals using closest facility in network analyst. The hospitals, junctions and the road stretches has been mapped. Keywords: Golden hour, Emergency Response Management System, Shortest Path, Closest Facility, Network Analyst.
Abstract
Engineering and Geological Evaluation of Rock Materials as Aggregate for Pavement Construction
Archana P M, Padma Kumar R
Abstract: Construction aggregate is one of the most abundant natural resources and one of the most widely used. These are the crushed and sized rock materials used in concrete and asphalt. Selecting the right aggregate material for pavement construction is imperative to overcome the frequent problem of pavement failure. It needs to resist extreme field conditions of loading and weather. These properties will need to be tested and assured before the road is built. An attempt is made here to study the geological and engineering properties of different rocks from Trivandrum. A variety of rock samples from different parts of Trivandrum are subjected to study petrographic, physical and strength parameters. The engineering studies conducted in simulated field conditions gives an idea about the physical and strength properties of the rocks. The result of the study gives the rock which has maximum favourable properties for use in pavement construction applications, out of the available ones in the study area. Keywords: Charnockite, Garnetiferous Biotite Gneiss, Geologic and engineering evaluation, Quarry mapping.
Abstract
Experimental behaviour of FRC Composite Columns
Arun NR, Vishnu Prasad
Abstract: In composite construction the initial construction loads including the self-weight of the structure are supported by the bare steel sections. Later concrete is casted around or filled inside the steel section. The steel and concrete are combined in such a way that advantages of both the materials are effectively utilized. Higher strength and lighter weight enables the use of steel in smaller and lighter foundations. The subsequent concrete addition enables the building frame to limit the sway and lateral deflections. The objective of this study is to optimize the reinforcement in circular columns based on buckling. In this study the buckling behaviour of a circular column under axial load is examined. A loading platform is created and a concentrated axial load is applied to a conventional circular column so as to measure the buckling. Later same procedure follows with another sample of column in which reinforcement bars are replaced by a hollow GI pipe. Buckling is measured under the same axial load and these values are compared with the conventional method. Experiment is repeated by adding steel fibres for better results. Keywords: Composite columns, Buckling, Conventional column, New material model, Hollow GI pipe, Stel fibres.
Abstract
A High Gain Bidirectional Buck Converter Using Coupled Inductor
Megha .C, S. Priya
Abstract: The paper introduces, a high step-down bidirectional converter, utilizing one coupled inductor and two energy-transferring capacitors, is presented. The capacitor connected between input voltage and coupled inductor plays a role to step down the input voltage. The corresponding voltage conversion ratio is lower than traditional buck converter and tapped inductor buck converter. Moreover, the output voltage varies with the duty cycle linearly, making control easier. The output voltage not only depends on duty cycle but on number of turns in the coupled inductor. Furthermore, the leakage inductance energy can be recycled thereby reducing the switching losses and thus the efficiency can be improved. Keywords: Step-down converter, coupled inductor, duty cycle, number of turns.