VOLUME 4, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2017

Abstract: Results of a study that investigates the feasibility of platforms that support a floating wind turbine are presented. Both theoretical and experimental studies are described. In the theoretical portion, the geometry of platforms with differing configurations is first modelled. The hydrodynamic coefficients were derived using WAMIT (Wave Analysis at MIT). An equation of motion was developed that incorporated these coefficients. The computer code FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) was used to add the effects of wind turbine and wave loads. In the final step, the wind turbine motion was calculated for six degrees of freedom with and without aerodynamic loads. In the experimental part, a water channel was used. A wide range of waves with different amplitudes and frequencies were generated within the channel. To verify the theoretical results, various model platforms were constructed and the hydrodynamic coefficients were derived to compare them with theoretical results.

Keywords: Offshore wind turbine, Load analysis, Hydrodynamic coefficients, Dynamic Analysis.

Abstract: Static var compensator (SVC) as one component of flexible Ac transmission systems (FACTS) device. Play an important role in controlling reactive power flow to power network. Because of economic consideration identifying the best location for installing the SVC is also important. This paper discusses the optimal allocation and size of static var compensator to improve voltage magnitude for a power system. National grid of Sudan (NGS) transmission lines-500KV is used as case study. Solution is obtained using Neplan software. The results show the optimal allocation is in the kabashi bus with size of 90.392MVAR.

Keywords: Static var compensator (SVC), National grid of Sudan (NGS), flexible Ac transmission systems (FACTS) device.

Abstract: The present study investigates the effects of different doses of "trichloroethylene" TCE on the axial and ap-pendicular skeleton of day 18 mice fetuses maternally treated with TCE. The experimental females (90 virgin females) were divided into three groups; the first one (G1) was the control that treated with the solvent only (corn oil), the second (G2) and the third (G3) treated groups with low (24 mg/kg) and high (240 mg/kg) doses of TCE, respectively. Oral administration of TCE to female mice once daily for a period of 21 days before mating and till 17th day of pregnancy, caused a significant decrease in the body weight and body length of treated fetuses. Stereoscopic examination for the obtained 18th day fetuses showed severe skeletal alterations included incomplete ossification for some bones of skull, vertebrae, fore and hind limbs and significant reduction in the length of most long bones of both limbs. These alterations indicated that TCE treatment induced growth retardation confirmed by great reduction in body weight and body length. The results suggest that TCE has teratogenic effects on maternally treated 18-day-old albino mice fetuses.

Keywords: trichloroethylene, skeletal system, teratogenicity, 18-day-old Albino mice fetuses.

Abstract: In this paper, genetically engineered bacteria-based bio transceivers are investigated for transmission of information between bacteria populations, where bacteria can generate and respond to the molecular signals. A biochemical model of biological circuits is presented, and both analog and digital signaling are studied. The challenges in connecting basic biological circuits to build these blocks are revealed. Encryption performance is compared with our proposed work and the simulations are done with MATLAB simulation environment using physical layer functions where bacterial communication is modeled as transmitters and receivers.

Keywords: MATLAB, DNA System, Sequence Construction, Programmed Pattern Formation.

Abstract: Energy consumption has become a major concern of global discussions among engineers, architects, scientists and planners. There are many ways to tackle this issue by saving energy in many sectors. Lighting is one way used to saving energy as it is used in many applications and it is one of the areas to be addressed for improving the energy efficiency in order to reducing the energy consumption. Natural daylight inside space considered one of the most important affairs because of its importance in caving energy consumption and its ability to provide a comfort environment inside space for occupants. Daylight in the residential building is a Major shareholder to save the energy consumption because it is the most significant natural resources available to engineers and architects to improve the visual comfort quality of interior spaces. A considerable reduction in artificial lighting and energy consumption can be achieved by maximize the use of natural day lighting. So, strategies are needed for more daylight optimization in the residential building spaces where electricity demand is very high. There are some design factors which architects should consider, namely: fenestration, climate conditions, orientations, and shading devices. As it is known that windows are the greatest resource to allow daylight into buildings, and proper window design also improves the thermal comfort and produces a significant energy savings in electric lighting. This paper aims to study the effect of Window-Wall Ratio (WWR) in Multi-Story Residential Building as one of the passive design strategies to optimize daylighting in residential buildings in Mansoura City, according to the framework of the Egyptian construction law which puts a lot of parameters which effect the daylighting of buildings, including buildings height and its relationship to the street width in addition to linking windows area of the residential spaces with the residential spaces area , thus to find a relationship between the percentage of housing openings and the elevation angle of the opposite buildings depending on the requirements of the global natural lighting and compare that Egyptian law. Rhino as a recommendation for building designers to use it at the early stages of design. This study was carried out by simulations on rhino software by using diva plugin in rhino program for calculation of daylighting during living hours. An investigation on the optimum amount of window size has been done by studying a living room model with 5.4m × 3.6 m × 2.7 m dimension expanding in vertical and horizontal level.

Keywords: Daylight, Window Wall Ratio (WWR), Residential Building, Diva for rhino simulation software, Daylight Autonomy.

Abstract: Many countries have begun to take initiatives to adopt cleaner production in order to curb pollution and some successes have been achieved. India has been largely an agricultural economy and it has only since early eighties that the industrial sector has almost become at similarity with agriculture. Cleaner Production is an attractive method to challenge environmental problems associated with industrial production and poor material efficiency. Cleaner production (C.P.) provides an important framework for understanding relationship between environment and industrial economy in present industrial system. It also opens up new way of thinking about the evolution of our industrial system in a manner that will help industries, environment, society and thereby human being.

Keywords: Cleaner production (C.P.), Environmental Protection, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).

Abstract: Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (Ni-Zn) ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method using mixed fuel approach (citric acid and ethylene glycol) as a fuel. The metal nitrate to fuel ratio was taken as 1:(1:3). The as synthesized powder of Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles is annealed at 650°C for 5 h and prepared sample was used for characterization and investigations of structural and electrical properties. The structural characterization of Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles were done by X-ray diffraction technique. The average crystallite size obtained by Scherrer's formula is of the order of 21 nm. The lattice constant determined from XRD data is in the reported range 8.3783 Å. The DC electrical resistivity was investigated from room temperature to 850 K using two probe techniques. DC electrical resistivity behaviour of Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles suggests that the sample is semiconducting in nature.

Keywords: Ni-Zn ferrite; sol-gel auto combustion; XRD; citric acid and ethylene glycol.

Abstract: Financial Forecast is an estimate of future financial outcomes for a company. A financial forecast is an economist's best guess of what will happen to a company in financial terms over a given time period. Data mining has made a significant role in the prediction techniques for financial applications. Technology such as data ware house and data mining has made a significant contribution for the prediction in the entire service sector of the organization .The Data mining techniques are used to extract hidden patterns, from large amount of financial data with the effective usage of sentiment features and opinion mining. The paper describes the effective usage of data mining predictive techniques for the financial applications.

Keywords: Data mining, Forecasting, Sentiment analysis, Feature selection, Opinion mining.

Abstract: In today's digital world, technology is very advanced and we prefer things to be done automatically without any human efforts. With the increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life. In this paper, a smart class monitoring system is made that makes use of RFID technology to mark attendance of employees and also serves the purpose of bidirectional visitor counter with room light controller. RFID or radio frequency identification is a method in which electromagnetic waves are used for transmitting data for the purpose of identifying tags attached to objects. The ability of the system to uniquely identifying each person based on their RFID tag type of ID card makes the process easier, faster and secure as compared to conventional method. The idea is to come up with a cost effective setup that can be used installed at workplaces. In order to have more capacity and less power dissipation, a more advanced microcontroller i.e. ARM7 LPC2148 is considered.

Keywords: DC motor, LCD, sensor, RFID (radio frequency identification), RFID reader and tag, ARM7 LPC2148, student's attendance.

Abstract: Renewable energy sources, especially wind turbine generators, are considered as important generation alternatives in electric power systems due to their non-exhausted nature and benign environmental effects. The main task of a professional wind measurement, used for wind power generation application, are wind measurement for accuracy and reliability of measuring needed for profit prognosis and wind measurement for the monitoring of already installed wind farms.In this paper present Before the installation of a wind turbine or farm it is recommended to analyse the site professionally. The collected meteorological data should accurately describe the wind potential of the site. That is why the measuring systems should meet the highest quantity demand concerning the accuracy and reliabilityThis study shows the probabilistic analysis of wind power generation from wind turbine generators installed at geographic locations.

Keywords: Wind energy, reliability evaluation, WTG, probabilistic model, WECS, LOLE, Wind power generation.

Abstract: In most of agrarian countries people are not having proficient knowledge about the latest technology used in agriculture sector. Agriculture plays a major role in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Farmers are needed to be more innovative with the techniques used for desired profits out of their work. The project 'Indigenous farming and revenue generation system' is an innovative idea towards a great future with a mutual interest in farming and great earnings. This project involves automatic drip irrigation system with GSM Module providing instant notification on farmers mobile phones, Solar panel for providing solar energy with energy meter and Fire alarm system for the safety of the crops.The revenue collection system is also introduced in this project to provide extra income to the farmers.

Keywords: GSM Module, Revenue Collection System, Indigeneous Farming.

Abstract: This paper deals with the waste heat recovery using heat pipe heat exchanger. Heat pipe is a device which carries the heat from high temperature region & ejects it to the cold or low temperature region. The advantage of using a heat pipe over other conventional methods is that large quantities of heat can be transported through a small cross-sectional area over a considerable distance with no additional power input to the system. The heat pipe heat exchangers are used in heat recovery applications to cool the incoming fresh air. Two streams of fresh and return air are connected with heat pipe heat exchanger to investigate the thermal performance and effectiveness of heat recovery system. The aim of this project work is to investigate the thermal performance and effectiveness of heat pipe heat exchanger for heat recovery applications by measuring the temperature difference of warm and cold air through the evaporator and condenser side. The hot-air temperature increased from 60 to 900C; the heat-transfer rate increased slightly. The mass flow rate of hot air increased from 0.30997, 0.4643, 0.4889, 0.508 kg/s led to a slight increase in effectiveness. As the hot-air temperature increases from 60 to 900C, the effectiveness slightly increased.

Keywords: Heat pipe; Heat pipe Heat exchanger; Heat recovery.

Abstract: Cryptography, in general, is a process of transforming original information into a format such that it is only read by the desired recipient .Visual cryptography(VC) scheme is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information to be encrypted in such a way that the decryption can be performed by the human visual system, without the aid of computers. As it does not require any key to decrypt that is why this method is unbreakable. This method is useful in vast applications which handle high value assets. It can replace the second factor that is token or key in multifactor authentication system. It can be used in online shopping sites, online banking sites, government sites. This paper gives detailed survey of visual cryptography techniques and their applications.

Keywords: Visual cryptography, secret sharing, image encryption, VC applications.

Abstract: Hard facing is a process of depositing a layer of material on the base metal or substrate either to develop the surface features like corrosion resistance, Hardness, Toughness & Strength of the material etc. or to get the required size of dimension or to repair worn out products. Taguchi technique is applied for the optimization. Oxy-Acetylene gas welding process and Mild Steel material is used for hard facing. In this project a detailed experimentation is done in which the Electrode speed is primary component which impact both bead width and depth of penetration1 & the Hard Faced specimen absorbs more energy than that of the specimen before hard facing and Hard Faced material is 114 BHN harder than the normal gentle steel and Micro-Structural test shows the specimen before hard facing, uniform structure pattern of light Ferrite and dark Paralyte and after Hard Facing shows the structure pattern of Temper Marten site.

Keywords: Hard Facing, Oxy-Acetylene Gas welding, Taguchi technique, impact test, hardness, Micro-structural test.

Abstract: The main objective of the work carried out in this paper was to study the response of messing tooth wear on vibration signal and suggest a suitable signal processing technique which can help in detecting the defects easily. Experiments were conducted on meshing gear assembly fabricated for the purpose. The signals were acquired using both the accelerometer and acoustic sensors. It has been observed that the wavelet de-noising is more effective for filtering of defective gear vibration signal compared to standard FIR and IIR filter. Part of the signal representing defect becomes more prominent after wavelet de-noising. It results in the kurtosis parameter improved twice with respect to raw signal after filtering. For the vibration signal processing, the noise reduces by 42 % which justifies the selection of wavelet filtering. In the wavelet de-noising, the vibration burst was not getting distorted during filtering for vibration. The interpretation of spikes from enveloped signal with driver gear rotation was easier to understand and correlate for the cases, where vibration burst was present in vibration signal due to defect. In the case when the vibration burst is suppressed by other noise or is having low amplitude, undecimated wavelet transform implementation was more suitable. It shows that UDT also acts as a de-noising tool for gear vibration signal analysis. In vibration signal processing, the approximation signal was having higher Kurtosis value and lesser noise. For the acoustic signal processing, Kurtosis parameter improved 70 % with respect to raw signal after filtering. The approximation signal having- little higher kurtosis and SNR values than raw signal, but detail coefficients were having significant higher kurtosis value and lower SNR value.

Keywords: MATLAB, LABVIEW, Data acquisition system, Accelerometer.

Abstract: Reducing energy demand in the residential and industrial sectors is an important challenge worldwide. In particular, lights account for a great portion of total energy consumption, and unfortunately a huge amount of this energy is wasted. Light emitting diode (LED) lights are being used to light offices, houses and building facilities more efficiently than traditional lights. Moreover, the light control systems are introduced to current markets, because the installed lighting systems are out dated and energy inefficient. However, due to high costs, installation issues, and difficulty of maintenance; existing light control systems are not successfully applied to home, office, and industrial buildings. In this system low cost, wireless, easy to install, adaptable, and smart LED lighting system to automatically adjust the light intensity to save energy and maintaining user satisfaction and also we control the light on the bases of Timing Control Android Application. The system combines motion sensors and light sensors in a low-power wireless solutions using wireless communication. Characterization of a commercial LED panel was performed to evaluate the benefit of dimming for this light technology. Measurements of total power consumption over a continuous six months period (winter to summer) of a busy office were acquired to verify the performance and the power savings across several weather conditions scenarios. This system reduces total power consumption. Saving energy has become one of the most important issues these days. The most waste of energy is caused by the inefficient use of the consumer electronics. Particularly, a light accounts for a great part of the total energy consumption. Various light control systems are introduced in current markets, because the installed lighting systems are outdated and energy-inefficient. However, due to architectural limitations, the existing light control systems cannot be successfully applied to home and office buildings. Therefore, this system, an intelligent household LED lighting system considering energy efficiency and user satisfaction is useful. This system utilizes multi sensors and wireless communication technology in order to control an LED light according to the user's state and the surroundings. This LED lighting system can autonomously adjust the minimum light intensity value to enhance both energy efficiency and user satisfaction. This LED lighting system reduces total power consumption to a great extent. However, since the existing lighting control systems can support only simple on/off or dimming control according to user movement or brightness of surroundings, it is hard to be applied to complex environments such as house or office. The complex environment means that there is a variety of control requirements, because of the presence of a variety of users. Because of this limitation of existing systems, they are mostly installed in the places such as the front door or the hallway. Furthermore, since the existing systems without considering user satisfaction, it is not appropriate to the places such as house and office where user satisfaction is more crucial factor than cost benefits due to energy saving; thus a new intelligent lighting control system should consider both energy efficiency and user satisfaction. In addition in this system we are adding power consumption for computers moreover we also control fans and saving lots of energy. Finally we monitor all the consumption of energy through Web Page. To implement this system we will require different electronic components like PIR,R-Pi 3,LDR,DHT11,Relay circuits, RTC etc.

Keywords: LED (Light Emitting Diode), PIR (Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor), DHT11 (Digital Humidity & Temperature Sensor), RTC (Real Time Clock), LDR (Light Dependent Resistor).

Abstract: In this paper, we present the study of the two-parameter Weibull distribution theory and its parameters (shape ß and scale a) using Weibull Probability Plotting. Using the failure data for haul trucks in operation at a marble quarry, we obtain the fatigue life equation by regression under different failure probabilities. Weibull distribution analysis for reliability and maintainability is showing a tendency of increasing failure rate, leaving room for decisions on reliability centered maintenance planning, machine improvements, optimal load and the need for review of data collection process.

Keywords: Reliability, Weibull distribution, Availability, Maintenance, Monitoring.

Abstract: Steam injection is one of the most beneficial thermal EOR techniques. Steam injection is an especially effective method for the reservoirs that contain heavy crude oil. Steam is injected in the oil reservoir to reduce the viscosity, or thin, heavy crude thus facilitating its flow to the surface. Oil producers applying steam injection to extract more oil from maturing oil fields. Traditionally, producing steam for EOR requires burning a huge amount of natural gas that is then injected to extract oil reserves. Actually, natural gas as known is a valuable supplier for higher value uses such as LNG Export, power generation and industrial development. The objectives of this research areto highlight the strengths and weaknesses of solar thermal enhanced oil recovery (TEOR), to evaluate The viability of a solar thermal steam generation system with and without natural gas back-up for thermal enhanced oil recovery TEOR in heavy oil, to investigate the impacts of using solar energy rather than natural gas to generate steam for Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery TEOR, and the potential for future utilization that and increasing importance of TEOR methods worldwide.Results showed that solar EOR can reduce the amount of a gas an oilfield consumes for EOR by up to 80%. The gas saved can be used for higher value applications, such as electricity generation, desalination, industrial development or export as LNG, boosting total economic activity.

Keywords: Enhanced oil recovery, solar energy, parabolic trough collector, Steam injection, Heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: Heavy metals pollution is a leading problem in aquatic environment. Many expensive techniques have been applied to treat seawater for removal of heavy metals. Heavy metals remediation by seaweeds is less cost-effective and eco-friendly method. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the trace metals accumulation by different parts (Foliage like part, Stem like part and reproductive part) of two species of Turbinaria such as Turbinaria decurrens and Turbinaria ornata collected from Olaikuda, southeast coast of India. This is the first time study to estimate of heavy metals content of different parts Turbinaria decurrens and Turbinaria ornata to find the specific area which is mainly responsible for accumulation of high amount of heavy metals. ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) was used to estimate the trace metals content .This work reveals that the foliage part (leave like structure) and reproductive part of both species are accumulating highest amount of Pb, Cd, As, Fe and Cr. Turbinaria spp. are not edible for its quite hard and thorny morphological structure, but as they are accumulating heavy metals in high amount expectedly, both species will be utilized for removal of heavy metals from polluted area as bioremediator. From this study, it is concluded that both of the Turbinaria sp. will be used as bio-indicator of heavy metals pollution in the marine environment.

Keywords: Turbinaria sp., Different parts, Heavy metals, Remediation.

Abstract:

Abstract: Electronic Government is considered an effective tool for the organizations. New technologies of electronic communications through the use of the web provided the basis for the of Electronic Government. This research provides a theoretical framework of the concepts and dimensions of Electronic Government. This is done through the emphasis on the role of strategical approach achieving efficient and effective performance of organizations ,within this new filed ,to accomplish various managing transactions The research provides many results were load to make the following recommendations :- 1-It is necessary for all the countries to faces on supplying and the Electronic Government order to raise the informational conscious for the workers. 2- Invest the capabilities of information technology in activation the Electronic Government. The aim of this project is to It provides new evidence and new analysis to reflect on the potential of e-government to support the government engineering by using information and communications technology.

Keywords: e-Government, ICT, G2C, G2B, e-CRM

Abstract: Stormwater bioinfiltration systems can be effective options for the treatment and disposal of stormwater runoff from urban areas. However, the performance of these systems and other infiltration devices can be affected by factors such as texture, structure and degree of compaction of the treatment media. This study provides insights on media characteristics of a poorly operating biofilter facility located in Tuscaloosa, AL, along with supporting laboratory investigations. Double ring infiltrometer tests and soil compaction measurements were conducted along a large biofilter to determine the in-situ infiltration and compaction characteristics of the media. Infiltration measurements were also made during actual rain events by observing falling water levels in ponded areas. The effects of different compaction levels on the infiltration rates through the soil media were also examined during controlled laboratory column tests for comparison to the field observations. Similar tests were also conducted examining compaction effects of the media after mixing with varying amounts of filter sand to investigate restoration options. These results indicate that soil compaction results in increased bulk densities, decreased moisture capacities and has dramatic effects on the infiltration rates.

Keywords: Stormwater, bioinfiltration, infiltration, compaction

Abstract: We prove three results about colorings of the simplex reminiscent of Sperner's Lemma in hardness of approximation and fair division. First, let and Then for every Sperner-admissible labeling (l : Vk,q ? [k] such that vl(v) > 0 for each v ? Vk,q), there are at least non-monochromatic hyperedges in Ek,q. This implies an optimal Unique-Games hardness of (k-1-?)-approximation for the Hypergraph Labeling with Color Lists problem in a k-uniform hypergraph H = (V, E) with color lists L(v) ? [k] ?v ? V. To prove labeling l(v) ? L(v) that minimizes the number of non-monochromatic hyperedges. We also show that a (k - 1)-approximation can be achieved. Second, we show that in contrast to Sperner's Lemma, there is a Sperner-admissible labeling of Vk,q such that every hyperedge in Ek,q contains at most 4 colors. We present an interpretation of this statement in the context of fair division : There is a preference function on ?k,q = such that for any division of q units of a resource, (x1, x2, . . . ., xk) ? ?k,q such that at most 4 players out of k are satisfied.

Keywords: Sperner's Lemma, hyper graph label and hyper graph label and hyper graph colouring. MSC Code : 05C65,05C90.

Abstract: The paper presents the methods of analysis of slabs as floor diaphragms. First, a framed building with &without considering shear walls is being modeled and analyzed using Staad-Pro Software. There are three types of Floor Diaphragm: a) Flexible Diaphragm, b) Rigid Diaphragm, c) Semi-Rigid Diaphragm. All the types of Floor Diaphragms are being analyzed with increase in floor rise as 7-storey, 15-storey, and 25-storey. All Floor diaphragms results being obtained and compared with them, to get the idea of floor diaphragm suitable for a particular type of structure, here only a 3x3 bay structure with equal distances of 5m is being used.

Keywords: Diaphragms, Floor Analysis, Flexible, Rigid, Semi-Rigid, Shear walls, Earthquake, Seismic, Lateral Loads, Vertical Lateral Load Resisting System.

Abstract: The research is about the role of incentive program on employee performance. These incentive programs refer to the financial and non financial incentives. This has been done to assess how these types of rewards can have positive effects or influence the quality of work, quantity of work, attendance and punctuality, work behavior and cooperation. The methodology used to facilitate the research included descriptive - evaluative approach in order to answer the questions posted in the statement of the problems. The main tool for the data gathering and collection in this research was the questionnaire which was designed and validated by the researcher. Unstructured interviews were conducted to get more information, which supplemented the responses gathered through the use of the questionnaire. The results of the research showed that both the financial and non financial are appreciated by the respondents, in fact they all agreed on the contribution of these to the different performance criteria. However, it was very clear on the correlation that financial rewards are valued more by the respondents to have a much stronger effect on the employee performance.

Keywords: financial incentive, non financial incentive, quality of work, quantity of work, performance criteria.

Abstract: The structural hollow section rectangular, square, circular used in the steel construction will not simultaneously satisfy both the architectural and structural point of view. To overcome this constraint, Elliptical hollow section is the new shape introduced in the structural hollow section. Elliptical hollow section column in the steel construction is to have attention from architects and structural engineers. The elliptical hollow column section properties are taken from the codes EN 10210-2-2006, EN 10219-2-2006. The major axis used in the elliptical hollow section is 150,180,300,400 mm and the minor axis is 75, 90,150,200 mm. The thickness of 2mm.The aspect ratio is of 2. This performance of the class4 limit according to the euro code 3 elliptical section column by finite element software (using Abaqus software) under axial loading is determined. The critical load calculation by Rankine's formula was also adopted in this study. The critical loads obtained from Abaqus software analysis and from Rankine's formula are compared.

Keywords: Elliptical hollow section column, Rankine's formula, Euro code 3, finite element analysis

Abstract: Peopleof Anandandvallabhvidyanagararefacing acute traffic and delay problems at railway crossingroads.Themainreasonfor thisproblemis passageofmorenumberof trainsfromherewhich resultsinclosureofrailwaygateforlongerperiods oftime.Peoplehaveto waitforseveralminutesto passthroughthisrailwaycrossing.In thestudyarea alltherailwaycrossingsarenothavingthemedian orwideroadwayso creatingmorecongestionatthe timeofapproachingthetrain. In thispapervarious railway crossingsof Anandand Vallabhvidyanagararevisitedandvariousprimarysurveys areconducted.Asapartofstudyanalysisis carried out.

Keywords: railway crossing, congestion, delay, classified volume count.