VOLUME 2, ISSUE 4, APRIL 2015

Abstract: The energy crises and environmental pollution are two main obstacles facing humanity nowadays. New techniques used as green building designs for sustainable architecture as a part of the efforts in confrontation of these circumstances. One of the sustainable architectural technologies is Trombe wall that employed for heating and ventilation. In the recent article, the Trombe wall concept was studied by designing and fabricating a Trombe wall. The wall fabricated from simple, locally available and cheap materials. The wall tests conducted in Baghdad-Iraq wintertime (Dec-2014 and Jan-2015). The suitability of such wall for Iraqi houses examined. The results indicated that the designed wall is suitable for utilization in Iraq wintertime. PCM usage in such wall shows good results. Also, applying paraffin wax as PCM gave adequate storing media in addition to its availability and low prices.

Keywords: Trombe wall, phase change materials (PCM), Charging-discharging time, Paraffin wax.

Abstract: In recent years, theory of constraints (TOC) has emerged as an effective management philosophy for solving the product mix decision problem with the aim of profit maximization by considering the bottleneck in traditional as well as modern manufacturing plants. One of the key components of TOC application is to enumerate quantity of the various products to be produced keeping in view the system constraints and this is termed as TOC product mix decision problem. It is well know computationally complex problem and thus warrants the application of heuristics technique or AI based optimization tools get to achieve near optimal solution in real time. In this research a hybrid algorithm named tabu-simulated annealing is proposed. The proposed algorithm exploits the beauty of tabu search and SA and ensures the convergence at faster rate.

Keywords: Product mix, perturbation, tabu-list, cooling rate, and aspiration

Abstract: A dual specimen rotating bending fatigue test machine was developed and was operated successfully[1]. This newly developed fatigue testing machine was used to test the fatigue behaviour of Aluminium 7075 specimen. Two specimen of identical design were tested on the machine simultaneously. The results that were obtained, as expected, showed the fatigue strength reducing continuously with increasing stress for both the specimen. The results of both the specimen that were tested simultaneously produced similar results which proved that the equipment was operating well. In some cases the two specimen were loaded unequally even then the machine ran as expected without any glitch.

Keywords: Fatigue Testing Machine, Moore Test, Rotating Bending, Al 7075, Fatigue test specimen.

Abstract: The human hand is a very vital organ in our body that can grasp tools of different sizes and shapes. Nowadays many research activities are carried out to develop artificial hands with capabilities similar to that of human hand. In this paper the design and function of a new humanoid-type hand similar to that of human hand manipulation abilities is discussed. This artificial hand is made to operate with a sensor which senses the eye ball movement and operates the artificial hand. The new hand is designed to work autonomously or interactively in coordination with humans and for an artificial lightweight arm for handicapped persons. The arm is developed similar to the human arm and is driven by spherical ultrasonic motors. The ideal end-effector for such a humanoid would be able to use the tools and objects that a person uses when working in the same environment. A new hand is designed for anatomical consistency with the human hand which includes the number of fingers, placement and motion of the thumb, the proportions of the link lengths and the shape of the palm. It can also perform most part of human grasping types.

Keywords: Humanoid, L293D

Abstract: In a world where there is ever increasing demand for new materials, composite materials find the topmost spot. Knowledge of history and basic physical properties of these materials enables a better understanding of why they are used in specific applications. Composite materials find use in various fields like spacecrafts, construction, automobile etc. The present day needs focus on cheaper and flexible materials which perform at stringent conditions of high temperature and pressure, in highly corrosive environment, with higher strength but low weight, with wear resistance and longer durability. Over recent decades many new composites have been developed, some with very valuable properties. By carefully choosing the reinforcement, the matrix, and the manufacturing process that bring them together, engineers can tailor the properties to meet specific requirements. With this project an attempt has been made to study the mechanical properties of aluminum-iron oxide composite. I.e., taking aluminium 6061 as base metal and adding iron oxide in different proportions. Aluminum and iron oxide are compounded by gravity die cast process. Gravity die casting process is one of the most versatile and economic method to prepare a composite material. The materials prepared are subjected to various tests like tensile, micro structure, hardness, compression and systematically analyzed to study the behavior and variation of properties with respect to their composition. The results obtained from the tests have been documented in detail.

Keywords: Metal Matrix Composites, Al 6061, Hardness Testing.

Abstract: Nowadays energy and power are the one of the basic necessities regarding this modern world. As the demand of energy is increasing day by day, so the ultimate solution to deal with these sorts of problems is just to implement the renewable sources of energy. The objective of this work is power generation through footsteps as a source of renewable energy that we can obtained while walking on to the certain arrangements like footpaths, stairs, plate forms and these systems can be install elsewhere specially in the dense populated areas. We can implement this foot step power generation system by generating the additional power by the heat it can be obtained by the load using the peltier effect. As a result of completing the above procedure or technique we made ourselves able to design such compatible system through which we could run our home appliances through AC output. As our main purpose was to charge the battery through DC output and then by inverting it into AC for normal common usage. Thus as a result we have concluded that these types of designs and techniques of power generating systems are very useful and handy in order to match the supply and demand of energy globally as well.

Keywords: renewable energy, foot step, peltier effect

Abstract: In this paper an anti-aliasing low pass filter is designed for removal of aliasing. The proposed method extends an existing fundamentally novel approach to the design of anti-aliasing filter, termed filtering by aliasing, incorporates the frequency domain aliasing operation itself into the filtering task .The spectral content is spread with a periodic mixer and weighted with a sample analog filter before it aliases at the sampler. By designing the system according to the formulation presented in the proposed method, the sampled output will have been subjected to sharp anti-aliasing filtering. This describes the proposed filtering by aliasing idea, the design, and its range of frequency response. It also provides a performance comparison against existing techniques in the context of reconfigurable anti-alias filtering.

Keywords: filtering, anti-aliasing, software defined radio, cognitive radio.

Abstract: This paper is to determine the temperature and the stress distributions in a partial ceramic coated spark ignition (SI) engine piston and reduce the mass of the piston for improving engine operating parameters. Our aim of this paper is to determine the temperature and the stress distributions in a partial ceramic coated spark ignition (SI) engine piston. Influence of structure, coating thickness and distributions of stress and temperature were investigated including comparisons with results from an uncoated piston. Thermal analysis is investigated on a conventional (uncoated) SI engine piston, made of steel and Al-Si alloy. Then, thermal analysis is performed on MgO-ZrO2 coated piston by using ANSYS 11.0. Finally, the results of existing piston and modified piston have been compared in order to improve the piston life and weight.

Keywords: Design; Piston; Mgo-Zro2; Thermal; ANSYS

Abstract: Object oriented design and development are well-known conceptions in today's software development environment. Object oriented design supports number of design properties such as coupling, cohesion, inheritance and encapsulation. The proposed study will deliver a method for reliability measurement of object oriented design in term of complexity perspective. The four metrics namely Inherited Complexity Metric, Cohesion Complexity Metric , Encapsulation Complexity Metric ,Coupling Metric, are identified for each of object oriented design properties such as inheritance, cohesion coupling, and encapsulation respectively. Complexity and reliability measurement approach is presented in this research paper. On the basis of identified metrics a multiple linear regression equation has been established for measuring the complexity of design structure. Complexity is directly affects reliability of object oriented designs in opposite direction. Finally a multiple regression equation has been applied to measure reliability with respect to complexity. Comparative analysis between metric values, reliability and complexity has been done in this study. Complexity, Reliability, Design Phase, Measurement.

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Abstract: Images require substantial storage & resources now days, hence in this paper we are going to present the direct solution. We have developed the application which consist of features like image Compression, Image Cropping, Scaling & Encryption & Decryption. Image Compression is a technique of compressing an image while Image Scaling is a technique of resizing or reshaping image whereas Encryption is a technique of enhancing the security of a image or file by scrambling its contents. We have used JPEG standard algorithm for Compression technique, Interpolation technique for Scaling & Advance Encryption Standard used for Encryption/Decryption. Compression , Encryption , Decryption, Scaling.

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Abstract: The stabilization of video is achieved by removing unintentional motion in scene and jitter (distortion) due to camera shake. Block based approach divides each frame of video into 16*16 blocks and matches blocks between current frame and previous frame using different block matching criteria. Lesser the value of criteria better is the matching. But, for this, search points are required to be chosen where block matching criteria is to be applied. For finding this search points different block matching algorithms have been proposed. After that, motion vectors are calculated over each matching block. The motion vectors due to unintentional motion are then filtered out to achieve stabilization of video. Block Matching Criteria, Digital Video Stabilization, Fast Block Matching Algorithm, Motion Estimation, Motion Smoothing.

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Abstract: MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a dynamically changing network which is self-configuring and used in infrastructure less environment. The nodes in MANET act as router and due to its dynamically changing topology it is more open to attacks that causes network issues and service failures. The malicious node(s) causes dropping of packets are black hole and nodes which are dropping and forwarding only selective packets are called as gray hole which is very difficult to detect as other reasons such as congestion and low bandwidth are also responsible for dropping of packets. So, the security solution must be developed to detect and manage black and gray hole attack. In this paper we attempted to mitigate the black hole and gray hole attack and how these attacks are managed. Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), Cluster, Gray hole attack, AODV.

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Abstract: A new form of augmentative and alternative communication device for people with severe speech impairment- the voice-input voice-output communication (VIVO). It recognizes the disordered speech of the user and builds messages, which are converted into artificial speech. Application development was accepted to employ the user-centred design and progress methods, which well-known and sophisticated key requirements for the tool. A new method for building small words, speaker-dependent automatic speech generates with reduced amounts of guidance data, was applied. The device is also capable of doing optimized searching. The voice input is used as search keyword and converted into the text first. This text is then given for searching over internet or with some predefined domains. The output obtained is optimized data and is then again converted into the voice output. The VIVO was evaluated to make use of the device to produce intelligible speech output from disordered speech input and also to use it as the question answering device. The trial highlighted some issues which limit the performance and usability of the device when applied in real usage situations, with mean recognition accuracy of 67% in these condition. These limits will be addressed in future work.

Keywords: VIVO, TTS

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Abstract: In today's world use of social networking sites are increased. Thus many users trying to create multiple bogus identities to compromise the running of the system. It is harmful to social network user. There are many methods available to solve bogus identity problem. Sybil means multiple bogus identities in social network. Sybil attacks are one of the well-known and powerful attack against online social network. Sybil users propagate spam or unfairly increased the influence of target user. Here we propagate Sybil defender mechanism to prevent the Sybil user to enter in the social networking site.to test we design a basic Facebook module and apply this Sybil defender mechanism to check proper working of Sybil defender. Sybil Defender first detects the Sybil user and prevent user from login into system.

Keywords: Sybil, Sybil defender, Sybil attacks

Abstract: Modern construction industries are very much keen in using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in retrofitting the deteriorated concrete structures for enhancing its strength and performance. Though there are several national guidelines on flexural strengthening of concrete structures using externally bonded FRP laminates/sheets, the design guidelines are yet to be recommended in India. In order to fulfil the above objective, an analytical model of RC beam retrofitted with externally bonded FRP is developed in compatible with IS:456-2000. Thereafter, a computer code is developed employing the above mathematical formulation. Finally, design charts have been prepared for the strengthened RC beams retrofitted with FRP in terms of non-dimensional parameters so that the designers can use the charts for obtaining different parameters, such as thickness of FRP, area of tensile steel, etc as in the case of SP-16-1978 or RC beams without FRP.

Keywords: Design-aids, RC beams, FRP, Retrofitting, Flexural strength

Abstract: In this work an attempt was made to analyse the engine mounting bracket. Design includes the modelling of the engine mounting brackets by taking into account all packaging constraints. Analysis includes Static Analysis of engine mounting bracket. The main purpose of this study is to examine the natural frequency of by analytically and through developing the model and self excitation frequency of engine bracket. An attempt was made to check whether the natural frequency of engine mounting bracket is less than self excitation frequency of engine bracket. Hence this work is carried by using ERW-1, ERW-2, aluminium and magnesium alloys for the engine mount bracket. The results are analysed for stresses and deformations.

Keywords: ANSYS, static structure, ERW-1 steels, ERW-2 steels.

Abstract: MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a dynamically changing network which is self-configuring and used in infrastructure less environment. The nodes in MANET act as router and due to its dynamically changing topology it is more open to attacks that causes network issues and service failures. The malicious node(s) causes dropping of packets are black hole and nodes which are dropping and forwarding only selective packets are called as gray hole which is very difficult to detect as other reasons such as congestion and low bandwidth are also responsible for dropping of packets. So, the security solution must be developed to detect and manage black and gray hole attack. In this paper we attempted to mitigate the black hole and gray hole attack and how these attacks are managed.

Keywords: Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), Cluster, Gray hole attack, AODV.

Abstract: Designing of some special quaternary using novel quaternary logic system is proposed here. This logic system is based on the extension of Boolean algebra Instead of conventional Fuzzy logic or Galois Field theory, we have defined here, the basic as well as special Quaternary operators and designed these operators using 180 nm technology.

Keywords: Quaternary algebra, quaternary logic, Inward, Outward, Bitswap, AND, OR, XOR.

Abstract: The project elaborating Artificial Neural Network, its various characteristics and business applications. A Neural Network is a machine which is designed to work like brain. It has the ability to perform complex calculations with ease. Cryptography is the exchange of information among the users without leakage of information to others. Many public key cryptography are available which are based on number theory but it has the drawback of requirement of large computational power, complexity and time consumption during generation of key. To overcome these drawbacks, we analyzed neural network is the best way to generate secret key. In this paper we proposed a very new approach in the field of cryptography. We are using two artificial, neural networks in the field of cryptography. First One is ANN based n-state sequential machine and Other One is chaotic neural network. In our project, we have learned different neural network architectures as well as training algorithms. Sequential machine is successfully implemented using a Jordan network, trained with back-propagation algorithm. This sequential machine was used for encryption with the starting key as the key for decryption process. Chaotic neural network is also used for Cryptography.

Keywords: Artificial neural network, cryptography, sequential machine, chaotic neural network, Jordan network

Abstract: A Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Network can be used for wide range of application as it has the capability to establish network anywhere, any time without any infrastructure. In MANETs packet transmission is affected by radio link fluctuations. Hop count is a simple routing metric that calculate the distance between a source and destination on the number of routers in the path. Routing protocols for ad hoc networks have less channel fading. The minimum hop count is not enough for a routing protocol to achieve a good performance. So in this paper, channel adaptive protocol using OFDM technique, extensions to a multipath routing protocol to accommodate channel fading is introduced. The resulting protocol is referred to as Channel Adaptive Multipath routing protocol (CAMR). Using channel state information (CSI), a pre-emptive handoff strategy is applied to maintain reliable and stable connections. Paths are reusable, rather than simply regarding them as useless. In this paper we provide theoretical analysis of multiple path system, as well as comparison between CAMR and AOMDV. We also show that there is a close match between the theoretical and the simulation results which confirms the improved network performance of CAMR over AOMDV

Keywords: channel adaptive routing, route handoff, routing protocols, channel fading

Abstract: The primary aim of our project is to implement virtual instrumentation controllers for cylindrical tank system. This Virtual Instrumentation PID controller implementation is possible on software called LabVIEW developed by National Instruments. We have used a Data Acquisition board (DAQ) for interfacing with the hardware. This DAQ card is product of the similar company National Instruments. An automatic control is accomplished by sensing the water level and then controlling the position of a gate valve that releases water in to the tank. The flow of project execution is: The cylindrical tank is fitted with a capacitive level sensor. This assembly takes the level readings from tank and it is converted in to 4-20 mA range, then it transmits in to the DAQ card. The designed controller will be generating the necessary controlling signal with respect to the level sensor output. The controlling signal will be acquired by DAQ card. The DAQ card transfers it to the I / P converter which will transfer the electrical pulses 4-20mA into pneumatic signal 3-15psig to actuate the control valve.

Keywords: On -Off, PID, LabView, DAQ (Data Acquisition)

Abstract: The proposed work consists of mathematical and Artificial Neural Network Modeling and simulation of Dryer subsystem of Paper making process. The dynamics of the Dryer for paper making process has been studied and a transfer function from the state space model is obtained using MATLAB software. Introduction about the Continuous system simulation along with the advantages of using Artificial Neural Network are included. A SIMULINK model of the dryer of paper making process has been developed considering the effects of input steam flow and pressure. Analysis of the Statistical model and neural network has been carried out to find mean, median, standard deviation and covariance. It is observed that both the model and neural network output have almost similar statistics. So, it concluded that the trained Neural Network model can be used in place of the dynamic model for complex system dynamics if some data are not available.

Keywords: paper machine , Dryer, Neural Network

Abstract: Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) are the special class of MANET which provides communication between vehicles. VANET provide a suitable environment for vehicles by giving the safety information thereby enhancing the traffic conditions. The most challenging issue in VANET is routing, which is achieved through broadcasting. This broadcasting should able to minimize the number of transmissions with guaranteed delivery. Due to the diverse network densities, the broadcast communication in VANET faces broadcast storm problem. This problem can be minimized by employing, (i) Minimum Connected Dominating Set (MCDS) technique at dense networks and (ii) Store-Carry-Forward (SCF) communication model at disconnected networks.

Keywords: Broadcast storm problem, Dominating Set (DS), Minimum Connected Dominating Set (MCDS), Store-Carry-Forward (SCF) model.

Abstract: Sentiment analysis is used to identify and extract subjective information (verb, noun, adjectives) in text sentences. The dataset used for emotion identification is collected from twitter. User posting contents in twitter is increasing every day. Emotion identification is one of the concept for understanding users behaviour, action and is important to all phases of our life. The emotions are automatically labelled according to the emotion hashtag. Each information recovered from twitter has separate hashtag. Naive Bayes (NB) machine learning algorithm is used for emotion identification. To find valuable features for emotion identification like n-grams, LIWC Dictionary, part-of-speech (POS). Finally the extracted Features is fed into a Naive Bayes (NB) classifier to attain classification accuracy on emotion identification in Twitter dataset. Naïve Bayes classification is a simple probabilistic model that works well on text classification. By using Twitter content, it classifies the different emotions like joy, sadness, anger, love, fear, thankfulness, and surprise for the twitter content.

Keywords: Naïve Bayes(NB) classifier,N-Gram, LIWC Dictionary, Part-of-speech.

Abstract: This project deals with the quasi - static analysis of coplanar waveguide using conformal mapping technique and the resulting parameter are used for the design of RF MEMS filter. The electromagnetic model obtained from the conformal mapping technique is used to analyse various CPW structures and interdigitated coplanar waveguide structures. By using Conventional Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) RF MEMS filter is designed. CPW on silicon is used for RF MEMS filter design. By varying the height of the bridge, various simulations are noted. The change in thickness of the bridge varies the cut off frequency of the filter. Similarly RF MEMS filter is designed using interdigitated coplanar wave guide. Simulations results were compared for both CPW and Interdigitated CPW.

Keywords: ADS Tool, RF MEMS, CPW.

Abstract: Images are increasingly displayed at a range of devices linked by scattered networks, which place bandwidth constraints on image transmission. Since imaging has transitioned to digital formats, most favorable settings are needed for image compression. It is feasible to apply lossy JPEG compression to images without compromise of image quality. Quantization table in JPEG decides a degree of compression that reduces the file size significantly, but produces a scale of image distortion that is not vital. Designing of quantization table in JPEG is an optimization problem. For the past decades, numerous research efforts have been concentrated in this particular area. In mid-2000, a new epoch was started, meta-heuristics for solving this problem. Nature inspired algorithms are meta-heuristics that mimic the nature for solving optimization problems. The real beauty of nature inspired algorithms lie in the fact that it receives its sole inspiration from nature. This paper gives an extensive review of some major nature inspired meta-heuristic algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization and Firefly Algorithm for optimizing quantization table in JPEG baseline algorithm. Further, key issues involved in solving this problem for these meta-heuristics algorithms are also discussed.

Keywords: Image compression, JPEG, quantization table, optimization problem, Nature inspired algorithms, meta-heuristics algorithms.

Abstract: Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) plays a pivotal role in construction, with granite stone commonly used as coarse aggregate. However, the depletion of natural resources necessitates the exploration of alternative materials. This study focuses on the utilization of stone waste, specifically from the layered stone also known as Kadapa slab in Tadpatri, Andhra Pradesh, India, for concrete construction. Stone waste generated during the production of finished goods is a major environmental concern, prompting an investigation into its feasibility as a concrete aggregate replacement at different levels (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The current study assessed the strength characteristics, including compression, split tensile, and flexural strengths, shedding light on the potential of stone waste in construction.

Keywords: Stone Waste Aggregate, Concrete Construction, Workability, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, Sustainable Construction.