VOLUME 2, ISSUE 9, SEPTEMBER 2015

Abstract: Nutritional Analysis of the firmed fish species named Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus), Carfu (Cyprinus carpio ) from cultured ponds, wholesale markets and local retail markets were studied in order to evaluate their percentage of moisture, protein, fat, ash. The study focused on the proximate composition and the mean value of moisture was 72.86% in Pangas, 75.16% in Mrigal, 73.23% in Carfu. In case of ash the average value was 1.75% in Pangas, 2.25% in Mrigal, 2.23% in Carfu. The mean value of fat content was 8.17% in Pangas, 3.56% in Mrigal and 7.11% in Carfu. It was observed that the average value of protein were 15.30% in Pangas, 20.89% in Mrigal and 18.10% in Carfu. Each of these three fishes was collected from 9 different sources. We collected these species from Cultured ponds, Wholesale Markets and Local Retail Markets. Highest amount of moisture content was 79.57% in Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), Ash and Fat variation was highest in Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fishes, Protein variation was highest in Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus).

Keywords: biochemical, pangas, mrigal, Carfu, Bangladesh.

Abstract: Citrus medica L, widely known as Citron belongs to family Rutaceae. Its fruit peel is considered as an important source of dietary phenolics and flavonoids. The objective of this work is to perform the Qualitative phytochemical analysis for identifying the various compounds present in the peel extract and to study the effect of various parameters on the extraction yield of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol). For the extraction of flavonoids, the optimum results were observed for the effect of different organic solvents such as: methanol, ethanol, ethylacetate and water, with various concentrations (20% - 100%, v/v), temperatures (40°C-60°C), extraction times (1-5 hrs), extraction pH (2-6) and material ratio (1:10-1:50). Results showed that maximum amount of quercetin, rutin and kaempferol of concentrations 21.4µg/ml, 46.8µg/ml and 12.3µg/mlwere obtained at optimum conditions of 80% methanol at pH-5 of 50°Ctemperature and 1:30 % of material ratio for 4hrs extraction time.

Keywords: Flavonoids (Quercetin, Rutin, and Kaempferol), Citrus medica L (Citron fruit), Methanol.

Abstract: Nanosized ß-Ni(OH)2 is being widely used as an electrode material for supercapacitor because of its high power density, high specific energy and low toxicity. But with addition of dope material like Co, Al specific capacitance of Ni(OH)2 significantly increased. Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2 and Ni.Co(OH)2 was successfully synthesized by conventional precipitation method. Developed materials were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Tranform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD result confirmed the substitution of cobalt in nickel hydroxide. Electrochemical studies were carried out by using cyclic voltammetric (CV). Specific capacitance obtained from Ni.Co(OH)2 significantly higher than Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 and was found to be 708 F/g at scan rate 1 mV/s.

Keywords: Supercapaciror; Electrochemical; pseudocapacitor; nanocomposites.

Abstract: Sleep is a physiological development which performs recuperative functions for the brain and body. It is very necessary to sustain a healthy life status. A sleep disorder is a medical disorder which occurs during sleep. Some disorders are dangerous and harmful. Rapid eye movement behaviour (RBD) is a sleep disorder (also called parasomnia) involves abnormal behaviour during sleep time with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM is the stage in which most vivid dreaming occurs, person unconsciously acts out in his/her dream. These acts can be violent in nature and sometimes cause injury to the patient or to his/her bed partner. This abnormality is measured by a classic non-invasive method known as EEG. This paper shows the use of EEG for the diagnosis of sleep disorder and also aims to promote technology innovation to achieve a reliable and efficient outcome from the diagnosis and to differentiate all the stages of disorder. An interactive MATLAB algorithm is used for processing continuous and event-related EEG waveforms.

Keywords: sleep disorder, REM, EEG, MATLAB algorithm.

Abstract: This paper deals with the comparison of different dimensionality reduction techniques when combined with various classification techniques. The dimensionality reduction techniques considered are PCA, ICA, TSVD, LSI and RP. They are mainly used for feature extraction. Their main goal is to reduce noisy data, redundant data, memory/disk needed to store data. They prevent the problem of over-fitting and help to visualize high dimensional data. ANN, SVM, Naïve Bayes, K-NN, Random Forest are some of the commonly used supervised learning models for classification. Their main advantage is speed of training, predictive accuracy on new data and less memory usage. This paper uses PCA, ICA, and TSVD to attain dimensionality reduction and ANN, SVM, RF to attain classification accuracy on donorchoose.org dataset that tests if a project is A+ or not and the results show that ICA with RF gives the best accuracy.

Keywords: Principle Component Analysis, Independent Component Analysis, Truncated Singular Value Decomposition, Support vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network, Random forest.

Abstract: The paper reviews progress in dropwise condensation research from 1930 to the present. An experimental investigation has been performed in which promotion of dropwise condensation of water vapors is achieved by coating a bare iron tube with polytetyrafluoroethylene (Teflon). Experimental Overall heat transfer coefficients are presented for the dropwise condensation of water vapors on the Teflon coated tube and for filmwise condensation on the bare iron tube. The overall heat transfer coefficients obtained for dropwise condensation on Teflon coated tube is approximately 20 to 60 percent more for water than those for filmwise condensation on bare tube.

Keywords: Dropwise condensation, filmwise condensation, Teflon, Overall heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: One of the most studied and widely used commercial Xylanase is endo-1, 4-ß-xylanases.It is useful because the specific activity of Xylanase is higher than the other hydrolytic xylanases. Therefore, xylanases are commonly used in processes involved in degradation of plant materials, paper and pulp bleaching. The present study investigate the production and optimization of thermostable Xylanase by the bacteria Bacillus pumilus (MTCC 10209) and Bacillus cereus (MTCC 10202) under solid state fermentation using corn husk as carbon source since corn husk contain Xylan (28%) and Xylose (17.2%). Maximum production of Xylanase was observed to be 2.2019 (U/ml) and 2.5010 (U/ml) for B.cereus and B.pumilus respectively. The Response Surface Methodology revealed that the optimum temperature, pH and inoculums size for the enzyme activity were 65°C, pH 7.0 and 1 (%v/w) for B.cereus, whereas for B.pumilus it was 65°C, pH 7.0 and 1.50 (%v/w) respectively. The increasing concentration of metal ion (FeSo4) ranging from 1mM-10mM increases the enzyme activity of B.pumilus. Meanwhile, the enzyme activity of B.cereus was strongly inhibited by increasing metal ion concentration.

Keywords: Thermostable Xylanase, solid state fermentation, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus and response surface methodology.

Abstract: Now-a-days technology has developed to a large extend. At the same time the need for systems with automation and high security are preferred. Electricity-stealing is a universal problem for all power utilities, causing a large amount of economic losses. Therefore, there is an increasing need of intelligent anti-stealing technologies for the power utilities to rapidly detect the electricity-stealing suspects. Traditional meter reading for electricity consumption and billing is done by human operator from houses to houses and building to building. This requires huge number of labour operators and long working hour to achieve complete area reading and billing. By adapting this paper we can avoid such problems.

Keywords: Anti-stealing, Smart Metering, ARM Cortex M, STM32F0Discovery.

Abstract: For detecting multiple outliers in normal samples we consider some tests and their performance and also depicted that which procedure is more powerful in the considered situation. The considered test statistics are ESD test, Grubb's test( Ek, LK and Lk*) and Rosner R-Statistics(RST). Here the power of these test statistics are studied and necessary discussion are made on the basis of computed result. Although ESD is an one outlier procedure we have used here to study the performance of many outlier procedure in case of detecting single outlier.

Keywords: Multiple outliers, ESD test, Grubb's test, RST, simulation, power.

Abstract: Few studies have been done on the investigation of aging process of Ni based super alloys. There is a need of more investigation to control the above process by using aging at different temperature for different durations of time. It is also found from the study that microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of material depend on temperature, time and quenching medium. In the present work, effect has been made to study the methods of improving the hardness, strength and other properties of the super alloy.

Keywords: Super-alloys, Carbon based super-alloys, ageing and heat treatment, etc.

Abstract: Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process involving generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of a building or a facility. It is a holistic documentation process for operational visualization, design coordination, estimation and project scheduling. BIM software defines objects parametrically and it is a tool for virtual reality. Primary advantage of implementing BIM is the visual coordination of the building structure and systems such as Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) and it also identifies the possible conflicts between the building systems. This paper is an attempt to develop a model which would highlight the primary advantages of application of BIM pertaining to real estate development projects. It has been observed that about 40% of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) companies use BIM but primarily for their outsourced projects. Also, 65% of the respondents agree that BIM would be used quiet strongly for future construction projects in India. Further, about 40% of the users would like to use BIM for project co-ordination, about 20% for conceptual design and about 15% for detailed design. The 3D models developed with Revit 2015 software would reduce co-ordination problems amongst the architects, structural engineers, contractors and building service providers (MEP). Also by means of virtual reality, the client would be having a feel of the building model before actually the building is constructed. The chances of the collisions of the different utilities and services are also minimized.

Keywords: Building Information Modeling (BIM), 3D Models, Real Estate Projects, Building services.

Abstract: A numerical investigation of fluid flows through a solar air heater with semi-circular sectioned transverse rib roughness has been executed. The physical problem is represented mathematically by a set of governing equations, and the transport equations are solved using the finite element method. The effect of relative roughness pitch on average Nusselt number, average friction factor, and thermohydraulic performance parameter (THPP) has been investigated. This investigation is taken for relative roughness pitch of 7.5 and relevant Reynolds numbers in the range of 3800 = Re = 18,000. The maximum thermohydraulic performance parameter is 1.616 and it is occurred for the relative roughness height of 0.06 and relative roughness pitch of 7.5.

Keywords: Solar air heater, Solar energy, CFD, THPP, Nu, Re.

Abstract: The growing popularity of renewable energy systems such solar and wind power substantiates the need to have a clean source of power. However these systems are more reliable when used as hybrid systems along with an auxiliary source such as a battery. Such systems utilise a boost converter and a bidirectional converter for efficient power conversion. In this paper,we propose a modified version of single leg multimode converter which itself is a combination of a boost converter and a bidirectional converter. This innovative topology for renewable conversion system conserves all the functionalities of the conventional hybrid layout . In addition to it, it provides fault tolerance at the input and accomplishes each task of multimode operation with fewer number of elements. Thus it is economical and is suitable for wide range of applications. The performance of the proposed system is verified by categorizing its operations into different modes and each mode is simulated in MATLAB.The results show that the proposed conversion is feasible.

Keywords: Renewable Energy Systems, DC-DC converters, multimode conversion.

Abstract: The thermoelectric generator (TEG) is thepredominant compact, solid-state heat engine. Effectiveutilization of a heat resource using a TEG requires maximizing its power output by interposing a regulated power converter between the source and load. It is criticalto track the optimum electrical operating point through the useof power electronic converters controlled by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. MPPT algorithm used here is the open circuit voltage method. Using an efficient buck boost converter the power output of TEG is fed to a battery.

Keywords: Thermoelectric Generator (TEG), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Perturb and Observe Method (P & O).

Abstract: Demand for high-voltage and high power inverters are increasing day by day. Thus multilevel inverter topologies are becoming more popular. In this paper a multilevel inverter topology is discussed. The inverter consists of series connection of a number of basic units. Cascaded multilevel inverter topology can be symmetric or asymmetric. The adopted basic unit generates positive voltage levels and negative voltage levels can be obtained by adding a H-bridge. Since the number of switches used to generate a particular number of voltage levels is less compared to the conventional topologies, cost and the installation space reduces. Four different algorithms are also discussed to generate even and odd number of voltage levels. The features of the inverter can be verified using the MATLAB simulation.

Keywords: Asymmetric, basic unit, cascaded multilevel inverter, H-bridge, symmetric.

Abstract: The DC-DC converter with high step-up voltage gain is widely used for many applications such as uninterruptible power supply, solar-cell energy conversion systems, and high-intensity-discharge lamp ballasts for automobile headlamps. In these applications, a classical boost converter is normally used, but the voltage conversion ratio is not so high. Other techniques for boosting the voltage may lead to increasing the complexity of the circuit. This paper presents a high voltage boosting DC-DC converter topology intended for residential power systems. The high step up converter is based on charge pump capacitors and boost inductors. The converter will function appropriately even though boost inductor values are different.The output of this converter is connected to a single phase inverter for powering residential loads. The simulation is carried over by the MATLAB-Simulink.

Keywords: Step Up Converter, Charge Pump Capacitor, Boost Inductor.

Abstract: Phosphorus is usually a limiting element for phytoplanktongrowth and is thus one of the leading causesof eutrophication. Phosphorus removal from wastewaterbefore discharge has to be considered to protect natural waters from eutrophication [1]. Phosphorus pollution is a major concern for soil and water management.A modeling equation was developed to known the phosphate removal with time. The proposed model equation for the removal of phosphate is YP = -0.0438x + 16.58 and the model showed good agreement with experimental data and is significantly compared to other methods in the removal of phosphate from pharmaceutical industry. The phosphate removal efficiency from obligate aerobes derived from fruit waste is 94.25%. BOD is reduced from 71 to 29 ppm and COD is reduced from 1056 to 321ppm. The order of reaction was found out by plotting a graph between -rAand CA. From the graph we can say that reaction is of first order and the rate constant is calculated from the values of -rA and CA and it is 0.0118min-1. The time required for the phosphate removal in pharmaceutical effluent was calculated by using batch reactor performance equation and the reaction required is found to be 3.91hrs from the calculations and 4.2hrs from the experiments performed. The standard error obtained from the experimental data is ± 0.275.

Keywords: Phosphate, BOD, COD, Rate equation, Rate constant, Reaction time, Standard error.

Abstract: As a part of manufacturing system, the balancing of assembly lines has been one of the most valuable research areas to accomplish the real problems related to them. There are several types of assembly lines. In this paper, new heuristic method for solving single model assembly lines balancing problem are described. The objective of balancing in this paper is increasing the efficiency of the line by assigning the tasks to stations such that the number of stations is minimized for a given cycle time. This method is computerized (programmed) and coded in C# (C sharp) language. This program is called (Assembly line balancing-Method of Merging Shortest and Longest Operation) symbolized by (MMSLO), which is based on merging two of the most common heuristic methods " Shortest Operation Time" and "Longest Operation Time" methods. In this paper, the method is implemented on three theoretical cases that taken from scientific references. The results of the (MMSLO) program compared with the results of the separate basic method (shortest operation time and longest operation time) that existed in (production and operations management, quantitative methods) software that symbolized by (POM-QM) for all cases. The results show that method in (MMSLO) program is better than the basic two methods in (POM-QM) software.

Keywords: Assembly line balancing; single model assembly lines; heuristic methods; Shortest Operation Time; Longest Operation Time.

Abstract: There has been widespread expansion and requisite development in construction industry of Saudi Arabia due to changes in the Kingdom's socio-economic development policies. The selection of construction contractors is an essential component in the success of projects, however both lack of skilled manpower and lack of experience have been observed in terms of managing major projects within Saudi Arabia. Thus, there is dire need to design an appropriate framework to select, evaluate, measure and monitor the performance of construction contractors. This paper critically analyses and evaluates current techniques for pre-selecting contractors and identifies the most appropriate techniques and criteria that could be adopted in Saudi Arabia. This has been achieved by undertaking a critical analysis of the literature and by carrying out preliminary interviews with practitioners, which formed basis of questionnaires and interviews with Saudi professional working in field.

Keywords: Construction Industry, contractor performance, framework, evaluation.

AbstractThe exposure of natural background radiation imparts a major contribution to inhalation doses received by the general population, and its amount relies upon the lithology, altitude, and building construction materials. The preliminary results of ambient indoor and outdoor gammaray dose rate of Jammu and Kashmir, India are presented. Estimations of indoor/outdoor environmental exposures were carried out utilizing a portable Gamma Survey Meter. For the outdoor environment, the minimum and maximum gamma dose rate were 0.11 and 0.29µSv/h, whereas, for indoor conditions, the minimum and maximum gamma dose rates were 0.1 and 0.22µSv/h, respectively. Impact of elevation on estimated estimations of gamma dose rates has likewise been examined. Measured values of gamma dose rates demonstrate a weak positive relationship with altitude. Effects of lithology on indoor and outdoor gamma dose rates have likewise been investigated. The average estimation of annual effective dose from background gamma radiations were well within the possible range and does not cause a health hazard to the occupants.

Keywords: Gamma dose rate, exposure, Annual Effective dose, indoor/outdoor environment,