Abstract: Ethernet has emerged as a crucial component in modern in-vehicle networks, serving as a bridge to meet the demand for over-the-air updates and ensure efficient automotive software updates. Leveraging its unique characteristics, introducing unified diagnostic services over Ethernet/IP presents a paradigm shift, offering significant advantages over existing solutions based on other time synchronous bridging protocols. This paper unveils an innovative EtherNet/IP-capable Unified Diagnostic Service architecture designed to efficiently address the over-the-air update requirements. The diagnostic process is intelligently offloaded during runtime, ensuring non-interference with the runtime automotive services. This is achieved through well-defined state machines of TCP/IP and FTP, and a task response completed with a finite state machine with bounded buffer complexity, thereby safeguarding the control-CAN network.

As the threat landscape evolves, the automotive network is increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks. In response, our architecture incorporates a robust set of preventive and reactive measures. Secure boot, Authentic air updates, and a multi-domain architecture form a formidable first line of defense, enhancing the security of the automotive network. These measures build trust between the CAN FD-enabled Ethernet/IP end devices, ensuring the integrity of the system.

The Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) protocol is standardized by ISO(R)-14229, encompassing the entire range of automotive diagnostic tools. Inevitably, this article concentrates on designing and implementing an Ethernet/IP-capable Diagnostic Service Tool that could efficiently meet the OTA need using industry-standard protocols such as an HTTP-end server. This ensures that our implemented system is more compatible with existing aftermarkets, that the functionalities are unchanged within our tool, and that it can be used for offline activity with COTS hardware [5].

Our implemented system encompasses an industry-grade Ethernet/IP-enabled gigabit physical layer, conformance to joint test specifications of Ethernet/IP specifications by ODVA and Ethernet-based diagnostic services, and a UDS-based diagnostic software tool. In addition, the importance of state machines, states, bounded complexity [1], and formulating attacks so that our system is robust to malicious activity in the compromised environment (Automotive network) are also discussed from the view of proper operation in the runtime, which is a critical barrier for all initial state offloading.

Subsequently, testing of the implemented tool under various conditions, such as disabling the interface and downgrading it to 100 Mbps EMAC states, validates the implemented systems' robustness to inaccurate connections and accidental particular states, the evolution of malicious activity, and interoperability between OEM and aftermarket tools.

Keywords: AI-enabled unified Diagnostic Services, Industry 4.0, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Smart Manufacturing (SM), Computer Science, Data Science, Vehicle, Vehicle Reliability, Diagnostic Services

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2023.101019