Abstract: This report assesses the logistics and transportation industry's environmental impacts in terms of carbon emissions and environmental degradation as a result of international freight services. It examines air, land, rail, and shipping transportation's contributions to climate change effects and discusses sustainable logistics practices such as electric vehicle adoption, use of biofuels, and intermodal transportation systems. Data collection and examination of mitigation efforts, using a review of literature, collections and proposals so far made, leads to the determination that on a transitioning and evidence based pathways for sustainable logistics and transports it is vital to make policy and regulatory changes for transformation, technology available and protect shared and cross-sectoral business interests to advance the move towards more sustainable logistics. Overall, the structural changes to decarbonise supply chains identified mean there is an urgency for logistics to decarbonise or alternatively face extinction in terms of environmental and economic sustainability in the long term.

Keywords: Sustainable logistics, carbon emissions, transportation, climate change, supply chain, intermodal transport, green technology, environmental impact

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.125231