Abstract: Air cargo is a vital component of international trade and logistics, serving as the fastest mode of transporting goods across countries and continents. It plays a crucial role in facilitating the movement of high-value, perishable, and time-sensitive commodities, such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, fashion items, and emergency relief supplies. The growing demand for global connectivity and just-in-time inventory systems has further emphasized the importance of efficient air cargo services. However, the industry is confronted with a variety of operational, regulatory, and infrastructural challenges that hinder its full potential. These include rising fuel and operational costs, stringent customs and security regulations, capacity limitations, inadequate airport infrastructure, and delays due to documentation and clearance procedures. Moreover, the sector is under pressure to adapt to technological innovations, ensure compliance with international trade norms, and meet the increasing expectations of speed, reliability, and transparency. This study delves into the core challenges faced in the import and export of goods through air cargo, analysing their impact on global trade efficiency and supply chain performance. It also seeks to identify potential strategies and policy interventions that can streamline processes, reduce delays, and enhance the competitiveness of air freight logistics. Understanding these challenges is essential for stakeholders—including freight forwarders, customs authorities, exporters, importers, and logistics providers—to develop effective solutions and contribute to the overall growth and sustainability of the air cargo industry.

Keywords: time sensitive, just-in-time, international trade, air freight logistics

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.125240