Abstract: This paper provides an in-depth overview survey on the development and evaluation of circular-shaped planar patch antennas for C-band applications, which span frequencies typically from 4 to 8 GHz. Owing to their small dimensions, slim form factor, and easy for integrating with planar and non-planar surfaces, CPA (circular patch antennas) have become a common choice in today’s wireless communication systems, radar, and satellite technologies. The literature explored highlights key design methodologies, simulation tools, and enhancement techniques that enhance antenna essential represented by attributes such as return loss, gain, bandwidth, and radiation efficiency. Various substrate materials, feeding mechanisms, and structural modifications like slots and parasitic elements are also reviewed to understand their impact on the operational bandwidth and directivity. This survey aims to provide insights into the current advancements and challenges in circular patch antenna design specific to the C-band, offering a foundation for future R&D in this domain.

Index Terms – Circular patch antenna, C-band, microstrip antenna, antenna design, bandwidth enhancement, return loss, gain optimization, radiation pattern, substrate material, electromagnetic simulation.

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.125376