Abstract: The increasing demand for enhanced vehicular safety has driven the development of intelligent braking systems capable of minimizing human error and preventing accidents. This paper presents the design and development of an advanced automatic braking system utilizing multiple ultrasonic sensors for real-time obstacle detection and embedded control. The proposed system employs a multi-sensor configuration to improve detection accuracy and coverage by monitoring obstacles in multiple directions. An embedded microcontroller-based architecture is used to continuously process sensor data and evaluate the distance between the vehicle and surrounding objects. Based on predefined threshold conditions, the system performs dynamic decision-making to initiate appropriate actions, including warning generation, speed reduction, and automatic braking. A motor driver interface is implemented to regulate the motion of the vehicle, ensuring smooth and controlled braking performance. Additionally, a wireless communication module is integrated to enable remote monitoring and user interaction through a mobile device. The developed prototype demonstrates reliable performance in detecting obstacles and responding with minimal delay, thereby reducing the risk of collision. The system offers a cost-effective, efficient, and scalable solution for implementation in autonomous vehicles, robotic systems, and intelligent transportation applications. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in enhancing safety through real-time sensing and automated control mechanisms.

Index Terms: Automatic Braking System, Ultrasonic Sensors, Arduino Nano, Obstacle Detection, Embedded Systems, Collision Avoidance

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2026.13405