Abstract: Energy harvesting, which transforms ambient energy sources including thermal and vibrational energy into usable power, is crucial for sustainable power generation in a variety of applications, such as industrial machinery, Internet of Things devices, and electric vehicles (EVs). This technology allows for self-sustaining systems in remote or off-grid areas, lowers the environmental impact, and lessens reliance on traditional energy sources. In order to maximize energy capture, this study investigates the combination of thermal and vibrational energy harvesting methods, particularly thermoelectric and piezoelectric devices. The potential of hybrid energy-harvesting systems to increase energy efficiency and lower operating costs is highlighted by a thorough assessment of the literature. This analysis focuses on improving power production through multi-source integration while examining important technologies, prospects, and limitations. Recent advancements in vibration-based systems and thermal energy harvesting hold promise for a number of uses, including electric cars, where mechanical vibrations and waste heat can be transformed into electrical power. Particularly in low-frequency and multidirectional vibration situations, this work highlights important areas for future research, such as advanced system designs, nonlinear dynamics, and hybrid systems to improve energy conversion efficiency. This study advances self-powered systems in the transportation and industrial sectors by providing insightful information on how thermal and vibrational energy harvesting can be combined to create sustainable energy solutions.

Keywords: renewable systems, electric cars, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, thermal, vibrational, and multisource integration

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.12313