Abstract: Pesticides play a crucial role in contemporary agricultural practices, serving to manage pests, weeds, and diseases that can diminish crop yields. The application of pesticides is crucial for augmenting agricultural productivity and ensuring food security; however, their overuse or misuse has engendered significant apprehension concerning environmental contamination and public health. Pesticide residues can spread through soil, water, air, and food. This can potentially harm the environment and reduce biodiversity. People exposed to pesticides can experience immediate poisoning, neurological problems, reproductive issues, and an increased risk of cancer. This review analyses the environmental and public health effects of pesticides, based on a thorough examination of existing research. The text dives into the mechanisms of pesticide toxicity, the pathways of exposure, and sustainable management strategies, such as integrated pest management and biological control. The investigation underscores a pressing need for safer ways to apply pesticides, along with tougher rules and a shift toward more environmentally friendly options. These measures are essential to mitigate environmental pollution and protect public health.

Keywords: Pesticides, Environmental pollution, Human health, Toxicity, Integrated pest management

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2026.13386