ABSTRACT: This paper provides an overview of the freight forwarding industry, highlighting its critical role in facilitating the global movement of goods through strategic logistics coordination across various transport modes air, sea, rail, and road. Freight forwarders act as intermediaries between shippers and consignees, managing the complex shipping process through a reliable network of third parties, including carriers, insurers, and customs agents. While these companies contribute significantly to international trade by simplifying cross-border logistics, they face a range of challenges. These include regulatory compliance, technological adaptation, economic fluctuations, intense competition, infrastructure limitations, environmental disruptions, insurance liabilities, payment issues, quality control demands, and cultural differences. The paper outlines how these factors influence the efficiency and profitability of freight forwarding businesses, emphasizing the need for adaptability, robust planning, and continuous investment in technology and human resources to navigate an increasingly complex global trade environment.

Keywords: Freight forwarding; Global logistics; Multimodal transport; Supply chain;

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.125225