Abstract: Virtualization is now a central part of modern IT infrastructure, offering better resource utilization, flexibility, and cost savings. However, one serious issue that comes with it is server sprawl. Server sprawl happens when too many virtual machines (VMs) are created without strong policies or proper management. Over time, this leads to a large number of unused or outdated VMs, many of which go unpatched or misconfigured. These neglected virtual machines increase the attack surface, making the entire system more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Server sprawl is not just a problem of wasted resources. It is a growing security threat. This paper explores the root causes of server sprawl in virtualized environments, the kinds of security risks it introduces, and practical ways to reduce these threats. Key strategies such as centralized VM governance, RBAC, hypervisor security, and automated patching are discussed. The paper also reviews past research, presents observations from real-world practices, and proposes directions for future improvements in managing server sprawl securely.

Keywords: Server Sprawl, Virtual Machines, Virtualization Security, IT Infrastructure, RBAC, Hypervisor Security, VM Lifecycle Management, Threat Mitigation.

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8980