Abstract: The logistics industry continues to evolve rapidly, with a renewed focus on optimizing first mile and last mile operations to meet rising demands for speed, transparency, and sustainability. The first mile, which involves the movement of goods from suppliers or production units to central hubs, and the last mile, which covers the final leg to the customer, are increasingly being seen as strategic points of competitive advantage. These segments are often the most inefficient and cost-intensive, contributing to over 50% of total logistics costs in e-commerce-driven supply chains. This report explores cutting-edge technologies and models transforming these critical operations. AI-powered route planning, predictive analytics, and warehouse automation are optimizing the first mile by improving pickup scheduling, load optimization, and supplier coordination. In the last mile, companies are deploying hyperlocal micro-fulfillment centers, autonomous delivery vehicles, drone logistics, and crowdsourced delivery networks to enhance speed and flexibility while minimizing environmental impact. By focusing on optimization techniques for both first and last mile operations, companies can achieve greater supply chain resilience, lower logistics costs, and deliver improved customer experiences. The report emphasizes that aligning these efforts with sustainability goals and scalable logistics models is essential for future growth in an increasingly demanding and competitive market environment. The integration of Digital Twins and Blockchain-based visibility platforms is enabling real-time tracking and seamless coordination across the supply chain. In urban areas, the rise of smart lockers, delivery hubs, and carbon-neutral logistics zones is reshaping last mile infrastructure to be faster, greener, and more customer-centric. The report concludes that embracing these innovations not only improves efficiency and customer experience but also aligns with sustainability goals and regulatory trends, making first and last mile optimization a cornerstone of next-generation logistics strategies.

Keywords: First Mile Logistics, Last Mile Delivery, Supply Chain Optimization, Blockchain in Supply Chain, Smart Route Planning, Sustainable Delivery, Real-Time Tracking, Reverse logistics, Return logistics, End-to-End Visibility

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.125306