Abstract: The demand increasing for the wireless communication system has been driven for the significant research into antenna designs that offer improved performance at standard communication frequencies. Among these, the 2.4 GHz band remains a critical range for applications such as Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and Wi-Fi. Microstrip patch antennas (MPA) are widely favored in such systems due to their low profile, ease of fabrication, and compatibility with planar and non-planar surfaces. However, conventional single-element patch antennas often face limitations in terms of bandwidth, gain, and impedance matching.

To improve these circumstances, researchers have explored a variety of geometrical modifications and array configurations. One such approach involves the implementation of L-shaped patch geometry, which have to been shown to enhance bandwidth and impedance characteristics through their altered current distribution and resonant modes. Additionally, array configurations, particularly linear arrays like the 1×2 design, are known to significantly improve gain and directivity by effectively combining the radiation from multiple elements.

In this subject of context, the present research focuses on the designing and simulation of a 1×2 L-shaped MPA array tailored for 2.4 GHz operation. The MPA is developed using the software called “CST Studio Suite”, a widely used electromagnetic simulation tool, and its performance is assessed based on critical parameters including return voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), return loss, gain, radiation pattern and bandwidth. The simulation results reveal that the designed antenna configuration not only offers low return loss and efficient impedance matching but also achieves enhanced gain and a directional radiation pattern, there by presenting its capacity for integration into modern wireless communication (MWC) systems operating in the 2.4 GHz band.

Keywords: Microstrip Patch Antenna, 1×2 Antenna Array, Radiation Pattern, Wireless Communication, CST Studio, Gain, Return Loss, VSWR

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.125311