Performance Evaluation of M40 Grade Concrete Using Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Plastic Granules as Sustainable Aggregate Replacements

Abstract: The increasing demand for natural aggregates and the disposal of construction and demolition (C&D) waste and plastic waste have created significant environmental challenges. This study investigates the mechanical properties of M40 concrete by partially replacing natural coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate (RA) and fine aggregate with plastic granules (PG). Four concrete mixes were prepared: a control mix and three modified mixes containing 20% RA + 5% PG, 30% RA + 7% PG, and 40% RA + 9% PG. Fresh and hardened concrete properties were evaluated through slump, density, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests. The results indicate that moderate replacement levels provide satisfactory strength while promoting sustainable construction and reducing environmental pollution.

Keywords: Recycled Aggregate, Plastic Granules, Sustainable Concrete, M40 Concrete, Mechanical Properties.