Smart Dynamic Wireless Electric vehicle Charging Road Using Radio Frequency Identification and Solar Energy

Abstract: This project presents an innovative solution for Electric Vehicle (EV) on-road wireless charging using Arduino-based embedded technology. The system aims to overcome the limitations of conventional plug-in charging by enabling dynamic wireless energy transfer while the vehicle is in motion or at specific charging zones. In this project, a robot is used as a prototype of an electric vehicle, demonstrating real-time wireless charging functionality. The system incorporates wireless power transmission coils embedded beneath the road surface, which act as transmitting coils. Corresponding receiving coils are mounted on the electric vehicle to receive energy inductively. The activation of these charging coils is intelligently controlled using an RFID-based vehicle detection mechanism. Each electrical vehicle is equipped with an RFID tag, and when it passes over the road section, the RFID reader detects it and triggers the system. Once detected, relay modules activate the wireless charging coils, ensuring energy is transferred only when required, thereby improving efficiency. Additionally, the system integrates IR sensors to detect vehicle presence and movement, enhancing accuracy in real-time operation. This stored energy is then utilized for wireless charging, making the system environmentally sustainable. A voltage sensor module continuously monitors the voltage levels of the system, ensuring safe and efficient operation while preventing overcharging or power loss. The Arduino microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, coordinating sensor inputs, relay control, RFID detection, and energy management.

Keywords: Wireless Power Transfer, Electric Vehicles (EVs), Arduino-Based System, Radio Frequency Identification Detection, Infrared (IR) sensors, Solar-Powered system, Embedded Technology Dynamic Charging.