Abstract: The increasing complexity of modern power systems, driven by the integration of interconnected technologies, has given rise to smart grids. These grids promise enhanced efficiency, reliability, and sustainability, but they are also vulnerable to cyber threats due to their intricate architecture. This paper addresses the cybersecurity challenges of smart grids by analyzing their components, potential cyberattacks, and the short- and long-term impacts of these attacks. The research explores advanced techniques like anomaly detection, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and AI-driven approaches to enhance the security of smart grids. Additionally, it employs the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate various cybersecurity options. The study also examines real-world case studies, assesses cascading impacts of cyberattacks, and develops a situational awareness tool for incident response. The results contribute valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, emphasizing the importance of robust cybersecurity frameworks for protecting smart grid infrastructure.

Keywords: Smart grid, cybersecurity, cyberattacks, intrusion detection systems, anomaly detection, AI in cybersecurity, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), situational awareness, incident response, risk assessment, Internet of Things (IoT).

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2024.11911