Abstract: Steganography, the ancient practice of concealing messages within other messages or media to avoid detection, has evolved significantly with advancements in technology. This paper explores the social and ethical implications of steganography, particularly in the digital age. Historically, steganography has been used for covert communication, from ancient Greece to World War II. In modern times, it has found applications in digital media, including images, audio files, and even software, raising concerns among governments and law enforcement agencies. The main ethical issue is to balance personal privacy and national security. While steganography can protect personal as well as sensitive information from being accessed illegally, malicious entities such as terrorists can also exploit it by trying to communicate undetected. This dual-use nature has led to debates on whether its use should be regulated or restricted. The paper also discusses the technical aspects of steganography, including various methods and tools used to embed and extract hidden information. Furthermore, it examines the potential consequences of misusing steganographic techniques, and the challenges faced by authorities in detecting and also preventing such misuse. Through a detailed analysis of historical and contemporary examples, the paper highlights the ongoing discussion on the benefits of steganography for personal privacy and the risks it poses to public safety. A case study on financial institution’s client details is considered for the detailed analysis. The procedure follows a nuanced approach to regulation that considers both the ethical implications and practical challenges associated with steganography, advocating for continued research and development in detection/prevention techniques.

Keywords: Steganography, Ancient practice, Concealing messages, Covert communication, Digital age, Digital media, Personal privacy, Malicious entities, Embedding, Dual-use nature, Public safety, Nuanced regulation.

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2024.11795