Abstract: This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of a basic finite element formulation for beam elements subjected to flexural loads. The source document employs stiffness matrices for several segments of beams to obtain rotations and moments from consistent force and displacement vectors. Highlight is given to the assembly of global stiffness matrices, imposition of boundary conditions, and computation of element responses such as bending moments and rotations. The solutions are employed in illustrating the consistency and precision of the finite element method in simulating structural systems. The review places the method in the context of overall structural analysis and its importance to engineering application and academic teaching.

Keywords: Finite Element Analysis; Stiffness Matrix; Rotation and Distribution; Structural Engineering; Element Assembly; ANSYS; FEM

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.125181