Abstract: In this research paper, we have investigated the thermoelectric effect in energy-converting materials at the nanoscale, using the characteristics of density of states, power factor(PF), thermal conductivity, figure of merit(ZT) and carrier mobility also with focusing on their potential for enhancing energy efficiency. The thermoelectric effect, which involves the direct conversion of temperature differences into electrical voltage, offers a promising approach for sustainable energy harvesting. At the nanoscale, materials exhibit unique properties that can significantly improve thermoelectric performance, including increased electrical conductivity and reduced thermal conductivity. This research explores various nanoscale materials, such as nanowires, quantum dots, and thin films, analyzing their Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. By optimizing these parameters, the study aims to enhance the figure of merit (ZT) of thermoelectric materials, making them more viable for applications in energy conversion devices, such as power generators and waste heat recovery systems. It is found that the higher mobility (µ= 0.1 m2/Vs) lies higher than those with lower mobilities (µ= 0.01 m2/Vs). Materials with high mobility are often more conductive and better for applications requiring high electrical transport properties. It has also been observe that the materials with lower thermal conductivity at nanoscale might be preferred for insulating applications, while materials with higher conductivity might be chosen for heat dissipation For thermoelectrics, high mobility is essential to ensure good electrical conductivity without too much degradation of the Seebeck coefficientThe findings contribute to the development of next-generation thermoelectric technologies.

Keywords: Thermoelectric Effect, Nanoscale Materials, Energy Conversion, Seebeck Coefficient, Figure of Merit (ZT).

| DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2024.11902