Synergistic Effect of Neem-Ginger and Garlic- Clove Extracts in Inhibiting Early Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract: The rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is extensively researched in biofilm studies. Because of its highly resistant biofilm-forming capabilities, this bacterium causes persistent infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, urinary infections, infections linked to medical devices, and chronic wounds that are challenging to treat. The current preliminary study uses natural extracts from the solvent extraction process, such as neem, ginger, garlic, and clove, in synergistic combinations to prevent biofilm formation in its early phases. This initial investigation analyses the synergistic effects of neem-ginger and garlic-clove combinations at five concentrations for each combination. The crystal violet assay is used to measure the extract's effectiveness in preventing early biofilm. This observation showed that each combination had a different range of inhibition. Depending on the concentration of the extracts applied, the garlic-clove combination produced consistent inhibition ranging from 32% to 57%, while the neem-ginger combination showed varying inhibition from 0% to 44%.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Biofilm inhibition; Synergistic effect; Crystal violet assay.