Trend Analysis of Cosmic Ray Intensity at Selected Global Stations (2020–2024)

Abstract: This study analyses the temporal variation of CRI recorded at four geographically distinct monitoring stations-Oulu (Finland), Jungfraujoch (Switzerland), Moscow (Russia), and Rome (Italy)-over the period 2020 to 2024. The objective of this research is to identify long‑term trends, inter‑station variability, and possible implications related to solar modulation of cosmic rays. The results indicate a consistent declining trend in CRI across all stations, with Jungfraujoch showing the highest absolute CRI values and Rome exhibiting comparatively lower magnitudes and stronger year‑to‑year variability.

Keywords: Cosmic Ray Intensity, Solar Modulation, Neutron Monitor, Long‑term Trend.