Abstract: Efficient water management has become a major challenge in modern agriculture due to increasing water scarcity and unpredictable climatic conditions. Conventional irrigation methods operate without real-time feedback from the field, often leading to excessive water usage and reduced crop efficiency. This paper presents the development of an Internet of Things (IoT) based smart irrigation system using an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with environmental and flow sensors. The system continuously monitors soil moisture, ambient temperature, humidity, and rainfall to determine irrigation requirements. A water flow sensor is employed to measure the exact quantity of water delivered during each irrigation cycle. Cloud-based weather information is obtained using the OpenWeather API, while real-time monitoring and control are achieved through the Blynk IoT platform. Irrigation is automated based on soil moisture conditions, with rainfall given the highest priority to prevent unnecessary watering. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed system significantly reduces water wastage while providing accurate monitoring of irrigation parameters. The solution is low-cost, scalable, and suitable for practical deployment in smart agriculture applications.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Irrigation System, ESP32 Microcontroller, Soil Moisture Monitoring, Water Flow Measurement, Automated Irrigation, Cloud-Based Agriculture

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2026.13139