Abstract: The Smart Helmet System is an embedded and IoT-based safety solution designed to enhance two-wheeler rider protection and accident prevention. The system integrates multiple sensors and communication modules with a microcontroller-based architecture to ensure real-time monitoring and intelligent decision-making. The core of the system is a microcontroller (such as Arduino Uno), which interfaces with various modules including an alcohol sensor (MQ-3), a GPS module for location tracking, and for wireless communication. A helmet-wearing detection mechanism (using an IR sensor or pressure switch) ensures that the ignition system is enabled only when the rider wears the helmet. The alcohol detection subsystem continuously monitors the rider’s breath alcohol concentration. If the measured value exceeds a predefined threshold, the control algorithm disables the ignition system, thereby preventing the vehicle from starting. The GPS module provides real-time geolocation data (latitude and longitude), which is transmitted for tracking and emergency response. The Blynk app displays parameters such as helmet status, alcohol detection level, and live GPS location (latitude and longitude). Additionally, a solar energy harvesting unit is incorporated to supplement power requirements, improving energy efficiency and system sustainability. The system operates through a rule-based control algorithm implemented in Embedded C, ensuring low latency and reliable performance. By combining sensor fusion, wireless communication, and automation, the Smart Helmet system offers a robust and scalable approach to improving road safety and reducing accident risks.

Keywords:
• Smart helmet system,
• Internet of Things (IoT),
• embedded systems,
• Arduino Uno,
• MQ-3 alcohol sensor,
• GPS tracking,
• ignition interlock,
• rider safety,
• solar energy harvesting.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2026.13427