VOLUME 2, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2015

Abstract: In the present work, two-phase Rayleigh-Benard problem is simulated by lattice Boltzmann method. Two horizontal layers of immiscible fluid are confined in a rectangular cavity. The vertical walls of the cavity are insulated while the horizontal walls are maintained at different constant temperatures. Two-phase lattice Boltzmann method is used to model hydrodynamic field and a passive scalar approach is implemented to model the thermal field. The viscous heat dissipation and compression work done by pressure are neglected. The present model is validated with the single-phase Rayleigh-Benard problem and good agreement is observed. The applicability of this new lattice Boltzmann model for simulating thermal two-phase problems is the main objective of this study. Furthermore, a comprehensive parametric study of the problem is carried out for wide range of different non-dimensional parameters. It is found that with increase of Rayleigh number, the fluid motion becomes stronger and the isotherms are more distorted. Also with decrease of the ratio of Prandtl number of upper fluid to lower fluid, conduction dominates in the upper layer. It is concluded that this new thermal lattice Boltzmann model has a great capability to model thermal two-phase problems.

Keywords: Thermal lattice Boltzmann method, Two-phase Rayleigh-Benard problem, Passive scalar approach, Rectangular cavity.

Abstract: In this paper an in depth analysis of modeling and simulation of a two coil wireless power transfer system consisting of Transmitter coil and Receiver coil separated over a distance is described in detail using industry standard ANSYS Maxwell simulation tool. Where in dynamic calculation of self and mutual inductance of the coils is computed by assigning distance between the two coils as an variable, "dist" which is used for sweeping analysis, which makes the analysis simpler and increases the computational speed of the self and mutual inductance calculations. It is also proved that as the distance between the Transmitter and Receiver coils increases the Mutual Inductance coupling decreases and vice versa.

Keywords: Wireless power transfer (WPT), ANSYS Maxwell, Transmitter coil (Rx), Receiver coil (Tx), Mutual Inductance coupling.

Abstract: Himachal Pradesh University (HPU), a premier institution of teaching and research in the country, is situated at Summer Hill, a suburb of Shimla at a distance of 5 km from the main town. HPU has a multi-hazard /multi-disaster prone campus and it's mainly because of its geo-climatic complexities and anthropogenic factors being the capital city of Himachal Pradesh massive development is going on in and around Shimla. Seismic hazard wise HPU and the surrounding areas in Summer Hill are quite vulnerable. It falls in the Zone IV of the seismic zonation map of India. Based on the past earthquake evidences, active tectonics or study of fault planes along which movement is still going on and seismic vulnerability studies indicate one conclusion, that is an earthquake of magnitude of 1905 Kangra earthquake is overdue in the region. Apart from earthquake, flood, fire and landslide are also the major disasters in Shimla and in the recent years they have wreaked havoc in the region. Shimla have been found more prone to disasters and are at high risk in terms of lives and property. Building bye-laws have not been followed in the city Man and man-made structure stands no chance against the awesome power and furry of such disaster when they strike. Therefore, a mechanism is needed to safeguard against massive and unwarranted loss of life and property in the event of such calamity. Solution to counter these trends exists and the knowledge and technology necessary to apply them are widely available. Disaster reduction is the sum of all the action which can be undertaken to reduce the vulnerability of a society to natural hazards. The solution includes proper land-use planning, aided by vulnerability mapping, to relocate people in safe areas, the adaptation of proper building codes in support of disaster resilient engineering, based on local multi hazard risk assessment/maps. In this paper, Hazard and Vulnerability assessment of HPU Campus is assessed. This study will serve as an initiative which can be used for managing both natural and human-induced hazards in the campus.

Keywords: Himachal Pradesh University (HPU), Human Resource Development Centre (HRDC), Hazard and Vulnerability.

Abstract: During the last two decades, several methods have been applied for the treatment of metal bearing wastewater; none of the method was suitable for the industrial purposes due to various drawbacks. Biosorption has introduced a new dimension for the sequestration of heavy metals in the wastewater. The eco -friendliness and cost effectiveness are the added advantage of this technique. A good number of biosorbents have been tried by several researchers for the recovery of metals from the aqueous solution out of which seaweeds is gaining much attention. The intention of this review paper is to highlight the extrapolative nature of seaweeds in the biosorption of heavy metals. Sea weeds are splendidly obtainable resources throughout the world which can be exploited without any expenditure for the treatment of metal contaminated wastewater. This article summarizes the past achievement and present scenario on the seaweed, the most promising biosorbent. The adsorption isotherm models and kinetics are also discussed in this paper which would facilitate one to understand the rate and metals adsorption capacity of the biosorbents, particularly the seaweeds.

Keywords: Biosorption, Sea weeds, algae, water, heavy metals, kinetics, modeling.

Abstract: The widespread use of computers and the advent of the internet has made it easier to plagiarize the work of others. Most cases of plagiarism are found in academia where documents are typically essays or reports. Detection of plagiarism can be manual or software assisted. Software assisted detection and analysis allows vast collections of documents to be compared to each other making accurate and successful detection.Document clustering is the application of cluster analysis to textual documents. It has applications in automatic document organization, topic extraction and fast information retrieval.In technical publishing authorship of a work is claimed by those making intellectual contributions to the completion of the research described in the work. Analysis of this work is termed as authorship analysis.The methods include data collection, extracting features, document clustering, cluster evaluation Rand index

Keywords: Authorship Analysis, Rand index, Document clustering, Stylistic features.

Abstract: In this paper, modeling and simulation of photovoltaic system as a microsource with KY converter and microinverter is presented. The output of the PV system is given to a KY converter for boosting the voltage. The KY converter combines one coupled inductor and charge pump capacitor. The high voltage gain is achieved by the coupled inductor. Due to the presence of output inductor at the load side of KY converter, the output current is non¬-pulsating. Besides this output voltage ripple is considerably reduced. The output from KY converter is fed to a full bridge inverter to generate AC out. Here we use hybrid pulse width modulation technique to drive the inverter, thus reduce switching loss and hence improve the converter efficiency. A model of the proposed system is done with battery source as the input.

Keywords: Coupled inductor, KY converter, Photovoltaic cell, MPPT, Hybrid PWM.

Abstract: The successful shift to next generation networks can only be achieved through strong industry-wide collaboration. A new revolution of 5G technology is about to begin because 5G technology going to give tough completion to normal computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be effected. There are lots of improvements from 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G to 5G in the world of telecommunications. The new coming 5G technology is available in the market in affordable rates, high peak future and much reliability than its preceding technologies. In this briefly discussed to new challenges and opportunities and comparison of generations of Systems.

Keywords: Transmission, Electromagnetic, Bluetooth, Multimedia.

Abstract: Ferroelectric liquid crystalline materials are of great interest due to their important industrial applications. In recent years, a field of research that is growing steadily is the photo-induced phenomenon in which the wavelengths of incident light impinge on the material stability. Photo stability of liquid crystal (LC) materials play a crucial role in affecting the lifetime of liquid crystal display (LCD), and memory devices. In direct-view displays, ultraviolet (UV) light is often used to seal the LC panels. Here we will discuss the photo responsive behavior of ferroelectric liquid crystal based on the quantum mechanical calculations. The electronic transitions, UV-Visible absorption wavelength, HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energies will also be presented. Further, ultraviolet (UV) stability of the molecules will be discussed in the light of absorption wavelength and electronic transition oscillator strength (f).

Keywords: Ferroelectric liquid crystal, DFT, UV-VIS, Raman.

Abstract: In this topic there are large numbers of documents which are cover more information about any topic. We are extracting one keyword from that document, when we are extracting this keyword can easily retrieve whole document. However, even a small piece contains a variety of words, which are potentially related to several topics; more- over, using an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system introduce errors among them. There for, it is dif?cult to infer precisely the in sequence requirements of the discussion participants. We ?rst propose an algorithm to extract keywords from the output of an ASR system which makes use of topic modeling techniques and of a sub modular reward function which favors range in the keyword set, to match the possible range of topics and reduce ASR noise. This method is to derive many topically divided queries starting this keyword set, in organize to take full advantage of the probability of making at least one related reference when with these queries to search over the English Wikipedia. Examples like Fisher, AMI, and ELEA conversational corpora.

Keywords: Document recommendation, information retrieval, keyword extraction, meeting analysis, topic modeling.

Abstract: The pyridine derivative has been examined quantum mechanically to understand its physical and spectroscopic details along with various derivatives. The present work reports some liquid crystal molecules namely (1). 2-[4-(4-butylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-5-propylpyridine, (2). 2-[4-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)phenyl]-5-propylpyridine, (3). 2-[4-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3-fluorophenyl]-5-propylpyridine, (4). 2-[2-(4-butoxyphenyl) ethyl]-5-(4-ethylcyclohexyl) pyridine, (5) 2-{4-[2-(4-butylcyclohexyl) ethyl] phenyl}-5-ethylpyridine and (6) 4-ethylcyclohexyl 4-(5-pentylpyridin-2-yl) benzoate having structure of pyridine and its derivative. We have studied some physical and spectroscopic parameters (IR, Raman spectra) for analyzing its nature.

Keywords: Pyridine, Liquid Crystal, Density Functional Theory, Spectoscopic Study.

Abstract: The internet is well documented and become the largest market in the world and online advertising is very accepted with many industries counting the customary mining service industry where mining service advertisements are effective carrier of mining repair in sequence. However, service users may encounter three major issues-Heterogeneity, Ubiquity and Ambiguity vagueness when pointed for mining check information on over the Internet. In this paper the framework of a novel self-adaptive semantic focused crawler, with the idea of exactly and ef?ciently discover, formatting, and indexing mining repair in sequence over the Internet, by taking into account the three major issues.The innovation of this study recline in the plan of an unconfirmed framework for vocabulary-based ontology learning, and a mixture algorithm for matching semantically pertinent concept and metadata.A series of experiments are conducted in order to assess the act of this crawler. The conclusion and the way of hope work are given in the ?nal section.

Keywords: Mining service industry, ontology learning, semantic focused crawler, service advertisement, service information discovery.

Abstract: Road accidents can happen due to various reasons related to the Driver, Vehicle and the Environment. The underlying reason for a particular accident may be a combination of various factors belonging to the above three. Based on accident analysis in detail, accident causation models can be developed. When hazardous materials (HazMat) are transported, the severity is manifold due to the additional risks due to the chemical involved. Exposure condition, flammability, spread, toxicity, threshold requirement, pressure, chances of explosion and many other specific factors are added along with the severity of a road accident. Causative factors in the road accidents are analysed which may be useful in the development of accident causation model. The contributing factors in road transportation of HazMat in Kerala also discussed, to find out the scope for developing an Accident Causation Model of road transportation of hazardous materials.

Keywords: Accident analysis, Accident Causation Model, Hazardous Materials, Transportation Risk.

Abstract: This document gives formatting instructions for authors preparing papers for publication in the Proceedings of an International Journal. The authors must follow the instructions given in the document for the papers to be published. You can use this document as both an instruction set and as a template into which you can type your own text. The experimental work carried out aims to study on the strength properties of structural light weight concrete produced replacing coarse aggregate by blending light weight aggregates such as Cinder and Leca for M30 grade of concrete. The light weight aggregates such as Cinder and Leca were blended in various percentage proportions 0:100, 10:90, 20:80; 30:70; 40:60, 50:50 and vice-versa by volume of concrete to prepare light weight concrete. The properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and density are studied by casting 33 no. of plain cube specimens of size 150 x150 x150mm and cylindrical moulds of 150x300mm. M30 grade light weight concrete with 60% Cinder and Leca 40% had an average compressive strength of 36.52N/mm2 and split tensile strength of 2.5N/mm2. Addition of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) is used by replacing 20% of cement which enhanced the compressive strength to 39.20N/mm2.

Keywords: Compressive strength, Cinder, Leca, Split tensile strength, Density, GGBFS.

Abstract: Sometimes end to end connectivity may not exist between the nodes, sometimes it is too expensive to connect all the networks and sometimes due to some catastrophic effect, exchanging of messaging are difficult, so it can cause delays from hours to days, hence networking of this type of situation is called as Delay Tolerant Network. As no end to end connectivity between the nodes so it require buffer at each node to store incoming messages. The network uses a store-carry-forward mechanism, while sending a message from one node to another node. Messages which are stored at each node carry along with him until it reaches to the next node and then forward. Here two scheduling policies are named as PRIORITY+ algorithm and FACTOR algorithm. PRIORITY+ algorithm considers a priority of message with different routing algorithm. FACTOR algorithm considers the TTL value with priority of that particular message. Algorithms can achieve better delivery ratios with less overhead and latency ratio.

Keywords: Include at least 4 keywords or phrases.

Abstract: This report evaluated green roofs as a storm water management implement, particularly runoff from green roofs. Evapo-transpiration from planted green roofs and evaporation from unplanted media roofs were also compared. The kind of media type, media depth and long-term management of media were investigated. The objective of the report is to provide high-quality data which could be used to expand and refine expected runoff volumes and loadings from green roofs, as well as estimate factors which impact plant growth and development. Results specify that the green roofs are competent of removing 50% of the annual rainfall volume from a roof through retention and evapo-transpiration. There are seasonal considerations as more runoff is generated during monsoon. Rainfall not retained by green roofs is held by Rain water harvesting technique. This report provides a complete review of the benefits of green roof, with an strong attention on its storm water management characteristic .This paper speaks the barriers to their more rapid transmission into Indian markets and makes recommendations on overcoming these barriers.

Keywords: Green roofs, storm water Runoff, Rain water harvesting, Rain gardens.

Abstract: Four pyridine derivative and one simmilar but non-pyridine liquid crystal molecules with two aromatic and one cyclohexane ringed have been examined applying quantum mechanical tools like computational Density Functional Theory, to understand theirelectro-optical and spectroscopic details. The present article reports some liquid crystal moleculesnamely (1). 5-(4-butylcyclohexyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridine, (2). 5-(4-butylcyclohexyl)-2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)pyridine, (3). 5-(4-butylcyclohexyl)-2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)pyridine, (4). 5-(4-pentylcyclohexyl)-2-(4-propylphenyl)pyridine and (5). 1-(4-pentylcyclohexyl)-4-(4-propylphenyl)benzene.having structure of pyridine and its derivative.it was found that differences at micro level will also be responsible for the changes in optical properties like birefringence, dielectric anisotropy, etc. as well as materialistic features like viscosity, elastic constant, etc.

Keywords: pyridine, liqid crystal, density functional theory, electro-optic, spectroscopic.

Abstract: An important aspect in the tourism is to provide relevant and appropriate information about the places and the locations. Tourists may not read all information if large amount of information is provided. Hence, there is a waste of time in finding appropriate information about tourist places. Hence, it is important to provide meaningful, appropriate information. This paper describes the development of an application for smart phones, so that the tourists can carry and use application wherever they travel. In this paper, we are discussing implementation of a tourist application which will provide accurate, relevant information with appropriate recommendations to the user. A complete system will be implemented in giving precise information to the users, in a language which is universally accepted. The main focus will be on giving recommendations to the user based on tourist's behaviour. Also information about tourist places will be provided in text as well as speech form. This described here will use a wireless technology, classification technique, TTS (Text-To-Speech) to give relevant data so that user will be able to use it in many locations to give directions and information.

Keywords: Context Aware System, GPS, User Profiling, TTS.

Abstract: The 2-D IIR Spatially Bandpass (SBP) beam filters are used for directional filtering of temporally broadband bandpass space time plane waves. These filters have applications in radio astronomy, seismic signal processors, radar navigation, space science and wireless communications. If filter coefficients are represented in Canonic Signed Digit (CSD) space, the multiplier circuit can be replaced with adders/ subtractors and shifters. In this paper, a multiplierless realization of 2D IIR SBP beam filter is proposed and the realization is done on Zedboard xc7z020. Multiplierless 2-D IIR SBP beam filter has low complexity compared to 2D IIR SBP beam filter. Circuit complexity analysis is also presented.

Keywords: Zedboard, CSD representation, System Generator, 2D IIR SBP beam filter.

Abstract: Pinsepia utilis is a medicinal shrub species which produces very useful edible oil from seed. Recently population of this valuable species is declining rapidly due to anthropogenic and modernization activities in its habitat. The objective of the present study was to develop nursery techniques of Prinsepia utilis through seed and cutting. Therefore an experiment was carried out by seed sowing in different medium (sand, sand + soil, vermiculite) & different places (mist chamber, shade net, open beds) with different pre-sowing water treatments ( normal water soaking for 12 hours, warm water soaking for 12 hours and control). The result indicated that highest seed germination (95 %) was observed after warm water soaking for 12 hours with soil in mist chamber followed by treatment of warm water soaking for 12 hours 92 % with sand + soil (1:1) in mist chamber. Vegetative propagation was conducted with half ripe shoot cuttings prepared from healthy and vigorous plants. Cuttings were treated with different IBA (Indole 3 butyric acid) concentration and Rootex powder. Pre-treated cuttings were planted in sand under mist chamber and shade house. The cuttings were pre-treated with Rootex-3 performed the best (38 % rooting) in mist chamber. IBA 5000ppm and IBA 3000 ppm reduced the rooting percentage as 23 % and 20 % respectively.

Keywords: Seed sowing, vegetative propagation, IBA, natural regeneration.

Abstract: The contamination of water by nitrate is profound. Cost-effective and safe water treatment methods are required to remove nitrate from water. Biosorption is one of the methods which meet above objectives in addition to its other advantages like cheap adsorbents which can be reused, simple process with less wastage production and overall highly efficient. The present work studies the feasibility of use of banana peel as a Biosorbent in removal of nitrate from the drinking water. The effect of different parameters like contact time, adsorbent size fraction, adsorbent dosage, nitrate concentration was studied. The removal efficiency of nearly 80% was achieved when 0.05g of banana peel powder of 106 µm size fraction was used as adsorbent to treat 100 ml of water sample of 200 mg/l nitrate concentration for a contact time of 0.5h

Keywords: Biosorbent, Adsorbent, Nitrate Concentration.

Abstract: Mars exploration has a long history, but there were only four roving vehicles which successfully operated on its surface (e.g. [1]). Main reasons for this are the mission cost and complexity. This paper describes a Mars Rover Mobility Platform for educational and research purposes developed at Kingston University of London. This platform utilises off-the-shelf components to minimise the cost of the project, and is designed to allow for future improvement. The rover is targeted to meet university research and educational objectives. This paper describes the design, manufacturing and control system of a robotic vehicle. The emphasis of this paper is the implementation of the control system. The investigation in locomotive sub-system and its traction performance was done [4]. The rover was manufactured in-house and its manufacturing method and its main components will be described. The control of the vehicle was done using python programming language and implemented on Raspberry Pi 2B+ controller. The communication was done via Wi-Fi using socket connection stream to identify the TCP/IP of the server and connect to the client. Finally, the testing operation was conducted by producing a qualitative comparison between the actual performance and the specified requirements. The rover design reported here achieved climbing capability for the slopes of 23o, the turning radius of zero degrees. The final mass of the rover is 18 kg including allowance for the payload. The rover is able to reach a velocity of 5 cm/s.

Keywords: Mars rover, Space exploration, Robotic control, Educational platform.

Abstract: In the Restructuring of power system networks, calculations of Available Transfer Capability (ATC) has become a key issue for power system operators to know the system strength for effective use of transmission network. In this regard, this paper presents the methodology to calculate the ATC values in a standard power system network for base load and modeling of load conditions. To present the ATC values in a more realistic way, the load modeling has been considered for the standard power system network i.e New England 39 Bus System. The results obtained are quite encouraging and useful in the present deregulated environment.

Keywords: ATC; Load Modelling; ACPTDF; Bi-Lateral Transactions.

Abstract: The biomass and stored carbon in two dominant grass species (Daddha and Chepti) widely available in the Gorumara National Park was assessed during August, 2015. The average Above Ground Biomass (AGB) followed the order Daddha (15.34 Kg m-2) > Chepti (11.23 Kg m-2) in Sandy soil. In case of Sandy loam soil, the AGB followed a reverse order i.e., Chepti (17.54 Kg m-2) > Daddha (16.72 Kg m-2). The average Below Ground Biomass (BGB) followed the order Daddha (5.05 Kg m-2) > Chepti (2.22 Kg m-2) in sandy soil. In case of Sandy loam soil, the average BGB followed the order Daddha (6.25 Kg m-2) > Chepti (3.46 Kg m-2). The average Above Ground Carbon (AGC) followed the sequence Daddha (7.18 Kg m-2) > Chepti (5.51 Kg m-2) in Sandy soil and Chepti (8.69 Kg m-2) > Daddha (8.04 Kg m-2) in Sandy loam soil. The average Below Ground Carbon (BGC) in Daddha and Chepti were 2.23 Kg m-2 and 1.05 Kg m-2 respectively in Sandy soil. In Sandy loam soil, the values were relatively higher 2.93 Kg m-2 in Daddha and 1.69 Kg m-2 in Chepti. Considering the stored carbon in the two species, CO2 - equivalent was estimated and the results support the potential of the species in offsetting CO2 at the local level preferably that grow on sandy loam type of substratum.

Keywords: Gorumara National Park (GNP), Above Ground Biomass (AGB), Below Ground Biomass (BGB), Above Ground Carbon (AGC), Below Ground Carbon (BGC), Carbon Sequestration.

Abstract: The amount of solar radiation through the fenestration of a building into the interior space is a key factor in assessing the indoor comfort and the eventual energy used in cooling off these spaces. In predominantly hot humid regions like Ghana which receives sunlight all year around, buildings and for that matter windows should be oriented to minimize solar gain and maximize natural ventilation. Windows are possibly the most complex and interesting elements in every habitable structure. Heat loss and heat gain through a window will not only depend on the type of window and its properties alone but also the size and the position of the same. This paper describes an investigation into the consequence of window sizes (varied wall-to window -ratio) and it's positioning on indoor thermal comfort for residential buildings in Ghana. A typical room of 3m x 4m was parametrically simulated using the Tas tool. Various window sizes with diverse WWR were then probed into with varying positions (low, middle and high). The result showed that the ideal window to wall ratio for achieving almost comfortable indoor conditions should be between 10 to 40%. Meanwhile, the various positions of the windows did not seem to have any effect on the indoor temperature values since all the values were the same. The study should lead to an improved residential design with appropriate window sizes and correct positions which will ensure indoor comfort and thereby reducing the total energy used in cooling.

Keywords: Window size, Thermal Comfort, Passive, WWR, Tropical region.

Abstract: The river Ichamati, which drains the eastern part of the district North 24 Pgs. W.B., India, has been analyzed regarding its long profile of the two years( 2004 and 2012) based on two windows. This paper has focused on the character of long profile such as, pool-riffle sequence and deviation index, which reveal the evolutionary tendency of long profile. Bed deformation technique (bdt) has identified the number and position of the pool and riffle on the riverbed. The classification of pool and riffle has been done with the help of tolerance value (T). The magnitude of T values is different in two windows. According to tolerance value (T), the position and number of pool and riffle has been changed significantly in two windows in two years. The threshold value of T has also been differed from 2004 to 2012. All these indicate the gradual decay of the river Ichamati.

Keywords: windows, long profile, pool-riffle sequence, deviation index, evolutionary tendency, Bed deformation technique, tolerance value.

Abstract: Dysmorphic diseases are the result of the congenital malformation and abnormal facial features. These abnormal facial features were used to diagnose the disease before cyto or molecular techniques are explored. A high degree of experience and expertise are essential for the identification of such diseases that includes Cleft palate, anencephaly and agenesis of limb etc. The correct genotype-phenotype correlation is a labour intensive especially for rare diseases. As the face development is controlled by several genes, it provides important hints for initial identification of genetic anomalies. The use of a computer based pre-diagnosis system can offer effective decision support for the less explored field like dismorphic diseases. Certain mathematical algorithms are there which can be used to analyse the facial features that diagnose the syndrome accurately. In this work we develop and demonstrate that accurate classification of dysmorphic faces is feasible by image processing of two dimensional face images. We test the proposed system on patient image data by constructing a dataset of dysmorphic faces published in scholarly journals, hence having accurate diagnostic information about the syndrome. Our methodology represents facial image data in terms of principal component analysis (PCA) and Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and classification is done using Neural network. This method has been tested with 03 syndromes with few images per syndrome. A diagnosis success rate of 87% has been established. It can be concluded that a great number of syndromes indicating a characteristic pattern of facial anomalies can be typically diagnosed by employing computer-assisted machine learning algorithms.

Keywords: Principle component analysis (PCA), Linear discriminant analysis(LDA); Neural network(NN).

Abstract: This study includes free union of a disjoint non-empty collection of topological spaces and research on the disjoint union topology (topological summed). Definitions, theorems and some results for topological summed have been obtained by using the known definitions and theorems for the topological spaces.

Keywords: Free Union, Disjoint Union Topology, Topological Summed, Topology.