VOLUME 10, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2023

Abstract: The growing demand for water resources in urban areas like Bangladesh is a pressing concern due to population growth. Air conditioning condensate water is being considered as a potential solution. A study at the European University of Bangladesh (EUB) examined the quality of AC condensate water from various systems. Results showed that the water generally met quality standards for drinking and household use in Bangladesh, with average parameters like pH (6.8), turbidity (1.08 NTU), total dissolved solid (TDS) (219 mg/L), iron (0 mg/L), alkalinity (41.67 mg/L), arsenic (0 mg/L), COD (3.67 mg/L), BOD (1.33 mg/L), chloride (30.77 mg/L), and more. AC units at EUB (1 ton, 2 tons, 4 tons) produced monthly volumes of 96, 177, and 354 L, highlighting the potential of AC condensate water. This emphasizes the need for local decision-makers to establish guidelines for its effective use in combating urban water scarcity.

Keywords: air conditioning unit; AC condensate; drinking water quality; drinking water scarcity.

Abstract: Systematic field investigations were made on weekly basis by following various standard methods such as an all out search method, variable width line transect method and visual count methods to record the aquatic bird species during morning and evening hours of the day at Kukkarahalli, Dalvoy and Hebbal Lakes of urban area of Mysore during May to August, 2023. Total 28 aquatic bird species which belong to 13 families of five orders such as Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, Coracciformes, Gruiformes and Pelecaniformes and their per cent occurrence varied considerably. Gruiformes members predominated more (78.6%) compared to other orders. Moreover, among the families, aquatic birds belong to Ardeidae family were more (28.5%) compared to other families. Interestingly, birds belong to different families, their population size, density and frequency of occurrence during morning and evening hours at different Lakes indicated considerable statistical difference. Further, analysis of variance of aquatic bird species distribution at Lakes between the weeks indicated the significant difference during morning (F=77.750; P>0.05) and evening (F=19.071; P>0.05) hours. Thus, aquatic bird species distribution was uneven among the Lakes. Furthermore, the diversity indices of aquatic bird species during morning and evening hours at these Lakes showed considerable variation of dominance ('D'), Shannon ('H'), Simpson ('1-D'), Evenness ('H/S'), Menhinick, Margalef, Equitability ('J'), Fisher-alpha and Berger-Parker indices. Surprisingly, few bird species which are in the international union for nature and natural resources (IUCN) list were enlisted during the present investigation as least concerned (75%), near threatened (14.2%) and critically endangered (7.3%) amidst these Lakes. Since, Mysore is fast growing urban area; more human interferences prevailed at these Lakes. Realizing the importance of aquatic bird species presence and their role in maintaining the local biodiversity, it is imperative to create awareness among the people who are visiting these Lakes for various purposes and protect these Lakes in an undisturbed manner. On this line in depth investigations are necessitated further. This kind of studies should be undertaken more and more during different seasons to create inventory and prepare suitable measures to protect the resident and migratory birds at their preferred habitats midst urban areas.

Keywords: Habitat specificity, Aquatic bird species, Lakes, Urban Area, Mysore

Abstract: The development of linked medical devices has heralded a new era of patient care and data-driven insights in a time when technology and healthcare are intertwined. But with the digital shift comes a significant challenge: cybersecurity. With an emphasis on linked medical equipment, this essay explores the complex nexus between healthcare, technology, and cybersecurity. It highlights the crucial connection between quality, compliance, and cybersecurity while examining the intricate web of problems caused by vulnerabilities, data privacy issues, and emerging threats. Security by design, vulnerability management, and thorough incident response planning are all parts of the methods used to solve these issues. Case examples from real-world situations show the practical advantages of strengthened cybersecurity. The study forecasts trends that will influence healthcare cybersecurity, such as quantum-safe encryption and zero-trust architectures. Additionally, it offers a blockchain-based secure IoT solution employing Device Identity Management as well as a deep learning technique staged on the blockchain for safe data transfer in IoT-enabled healthcare systems. It emphasizes the necessity of cooperation and ongoing adaptation in preserving the digital frontier of healthcare. This paper ends by issuing a call to action, calling all parties to collaborate in the unwavering pursuit of patient safety, data integrity, and trustworthiness in the connected healthcare age.

Keywords: Cybersecurity, Cyber-attacks, Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Blockchain.

Abstract: By applying the Green's theorem on a simple mathematical model. I intend to find the nature of growth of the annual rings of a plant. Though this paper has taken ideal cases and is just an approximation. The insight of the paper is purely mathematical.

Keywords: Greens theorem, annual rings, cross section, stem

Abstract: Agriculture is essential for the economic and social development of any nation. Water is a critical input in agriculture, and its efficient use is essential for sustainable agriculture. Underwatering can reduce crop yields and lead to plant mortality, while overwatering can waste water and cause root diseases. Therefore, it is important to irrigate crops optimally to maximize their output. This research proposes an automated irrigation system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning. The system consists of three phases: (1) hardware assembly, including the installation of circuits and sensors; (2) software development; and (3) system testing. The proposed system has several advantages over traditional irrigation systems. First, it is automated, which reduces the need for manual labor. Second, it uses sensors to collect data on soil moisture and other environmental factors, which allows the system to irrigate crops more precisely. Third, the system uses machine learning to predict irrigation needs, which further improves irrigation efficiency. The proposed system has the potential to revolutionize irrigation practices and contribute to sustainable agriculture.

Keywords: IoT, KNN, SVM

Abstract: Moringa oleifera, native to India, grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The leaves are rich in minerals, vitamins, and other essential phytochemicals. This study reports on the possibility of value addition of moringa leaves by processing of cookie incorporated with moringa leaf powder at 5 and 10% [ V1 and V2] to the foxtail millet-based cookies and comparing with the control. The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on physicochemical, and sensory properties were determined. The cookies' proximate analysis specifically moisture, ash, fat, calcium and iron were determined.15 untrained panelists participated in a 5-point hedonic test. The findings were analyzed to determine the best formulation. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that there were differences in the attributes that were determined such as in color, texture, aroma, taste and overall acceptability. The overall acceptability of the cookie sample incorporated with 10% moringa leaf powder was found to be better acceptable.

Keywords: Foxtail millet flour, Moringa leaves, sensory evaluation, proximate analysis

Abstract: This research paper is deal with the construction of minimum spanning tree of stations to station network in Proposed Pune city to Nashik city railway line in Maharashtra state. Nodes in network are railway stations on Pune city to Nashik city railway route and edges and arcs are proposed railway lines that link the stations. The distance between stations is computed using Longitude and Latitude and official government websites. We applied Prim's algorithm to determine minimum spanning tree with Pune Station as a starting point. The result gives alternate railway rout between Pune and Nashik cities with minimum distance.

Keywords: Spanning tree, Minimum spanning tree, Network, Prim's algorithm etc.

Abstract: This paper presents the theoretical significance of the temperature-pressure-adsorption equation (TPAE) over the limitations of the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The series isothermal adsorption data of low-rank coal from Nanyu coal mine in Shanxi Province, China were used to verify the practicality of the TPAE, and four parameters were obtained. According to the TPAE sought, the adsorption value of any tests between 30°C -100°C and pressure between 0-30 MPa can be arbitrarily calculated, with an average relative error of less than 11.98 %, and expressed by a three-dimensional adsorption surface. According to the total differential of the multivariate function is the sum of the differentials of each independent variable, assuming that the ground temperature gradient of Nanyu coal mine is 3°C /100 m and the ground pressure gradient is 1.0 MPa/100 m, it can be precisely calculated that both partial deviations of temperature and pressure. It can be approximately calculated that the critical adsorption depth of the low-rank coal is about 700~800 m underground, the critical adsorption pressure is about 7.4 MPa, the critical adsorption temperature is about 36.4°C, and the critical adsorption capacity is 12.44 cm3/g.

Keywords: temperature-pressure-adsorption equation; Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation; partial deviations of temperature; partial deviations of pressure; the critical burial depth.

Abstract: A fluid that has got suspended particles in an isothermal system, heats the fluid under the influence of gravity. As the suspended particles fall, the friction with the fluid molecules heats up the fluid.

Keywords: Specific heat capacity, Universal gravitational constant, isothermal system, heat.

Abstract: The "Make in India" initiative, introduce by Indian government, stands out as a pivotal and game changing policy endeavour aims to attract the FDI in India by boosting the domestic manufacturing sector. This study focuses on the multifaceted aspects of this initiative by focusing on the goals, impact of FDI inflows and challenges and obstacles faced by foreign investors. To achieve the objectives, historical data has been collected on FDI inflows into India, spanning from the period of before the introduction of Make in India initiative and the after period of its implementation. Paired sample T-test has been applied o compare the pre and post FDI inflows of launching "Make in India initiative". Results of the study provides that substantial difference occurs in the mean FDI inflows pre and post launching of this "Make in India" initiative at 5% level of significance. FDI inflows rise up on an average after the launching of this initiative by the government of India. Through the comprehensive and indepth analysis of these objectives, the study contributes to the better understanding of "Make in India" initiative impact on attraction of FDI and major challenges that needs to be address to enhance the effectiveness of this initiative in promoting manufacturing as well as the economic growth of the nation.

Keywords: - Make in India, Economic Growth, FDI, Manufacturing sector and foreign investors

Abstract: Roots and tubers are starchy foods that give energy to human beings and therefore play an important role in diets particularly in developing countries. The information regarding the production and even the contents in these foods are not enough. The research is aimed to identify the functional groups in the produce of these crops using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This method is used extensively in industry, where it is possible to find that the same compound is marketed by a number of manufacturers but the infrared spectra of the products are slightly different. The results depict that all the samples (cocoyam, yam, cassava and potato) have contents of amides, carboxylic acids, carbohydrates with only cocoyam and yam having alkylhalide contents. Further studies are recommended to determine the nutritional value of the foods.

Keywords: Cocoyam, Yam, Cassava, Potato, FTIR

Abstract: This study investigated the effectiveness of multimedia instructional techniques on learning of English grammar among tertiary institution students in Kebbi state. The main objective of the study is to find out whether teaching English grammar using multimedia instructional techniques, such as Instructional Videos and Power Point Presentation as against the traditional techniques, such as audio-lingual and grammar translation methods could facilitate performance in English grammar among tertiary institution students in Kebbi state. Year two (200 Level) students of all the tertiary institutions in Kebbi state formed the research population. The study used quasi-experimental research design, specifically, a pretest-posttest design. This implies that intact class settings were used in the study, where pre-test, treatment and posttest were carried out. Statistical procedures of mean, standard deviation and t-test were used to answer the research questions and test the null hypotheses generated for the study. The findings of the study revealed that tertiary institution students taught aspects of English grammar using the multimedia instructional techniques performed better than those taught the same aspects using the traditional techniques. The study recommended that teachers should adopt technology based teaching instruction in order to improve the teaching of grammar in particular and other components of English language in general..

Keywords: Grammar, Multimedia, Language Teaching, Multimedia Instructional Techniques

Abstract: The "Colloqui AI Transformer: A New Era for Higher Education" presents a novel process that revolutionizes the production and distribution of educational materials. By combining text and images, the workflow utilizes ChatGPT's amazing powers to create PDFs that are beautifully formatted and cross-platform compatible while also seamlessly integrating AI-generated material. This innovative method represents a substantial advancement in document generation, providing efficacy, time-saving advantages, and efficiency in the professional and academic domains. This method opens up new possibilities for creativity and productivity in higher education by combining textual and visual aspects.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Document Creation, Workflow Automation, ChatGPT, PDF Compatibility, Higher Education Innovation

Abstract: Earthquake is the result of sudden release of energy from epicenter in the earth's crust that generates seismic waves action. It has social as well as economic consequences such as causing death and injury of lives especially human beings and damages the buildings and natural environment. Ground shaking and rupture are the major effects generated by earthquakes.In order to take precaution for the loss of life and damage of structures due to the ground motion, it is important to understand the characteristics of the ground motion. The most important dynamic characteristics of earthquake are peak ground acceleration (PGA), duration, and frequency content. These characteristics play dominant rule in studying the responses of structures under seismic loads. The time history analysis begins by selecting an appropriate ground motion record that represents the seismic input to the structure. The ground motion record is typically obtained from historical earthquake data or synthesized based on specific design criteria. Once the ground motion record is obtained, it is applied to the building model as an input motion. The analysis results are then evaluated against performance criteria and design codes to ensure that the building meets the required safety standards. Engineers can use the analysis outputs to assess the structural integrity, identify potential weaknesses, and make necessary design modifications to enhance the building's seismic performance. Time history analysis plays a crucial role in assessing the seismic performance of buildings. It provides valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of structures and aids in designing safer and more resilient buildings.

Keywords: ETABS, Base Shear, Storey Drift, Storey Stiffness.

Abstract: Cybercrime is becoming an increasingly widespread issue in India, leaving individuals struggling to navigate the complex legal system surrounding these violations. To address this problem, a Cyber Crime Chatbot Generator for Indian Law has been developed. This innovative technology aims to bridge the legal knowledge gap by providing an easy-to-use, readily accessible educational resource for dealing with cybercrime-related problems. The chatbot generator is built on a robust platform that provides detailed guidance on recognizing, understanding, and addressing cybercrime concerns under Indian legislation. The system promotes transparency and trust in the legal system by facilitating early consultations, connecting users with expert attorneys, and providing ongoing case monitoring. The system offers a wealth of legal resources, articles, and frequently asked questions on cybercrime to enhance users' knowledge and understanding. The system also encourages customers to share their experiences through a feedback mechanism, which helps maintain high service standards and continuously improve the system. In addition to empowering individuals, this innovative approach aims to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of India's legal system in combating cybercrime and promote a more equitable and knowledgeable society. The Cyber Crime Chatbot Generator for Indian Law is poised to have a significant impact on the fight against cybercrime in India by utilizing technology to bridge the legal knowledge gap.

Keywords: Agent Communication Language (ACL), Ontology, Ortho Matcher, RP-score, Mean Reciprocal Rank.

Abstract: Here we explore the transformative potential of Augmented Reality (AR) applications in the field of education. Through an in-depth analysis of existing literature, case studies, and empirical evidence, the paper investigates the multifaceted impact of AR on teaching and learning processes. Key focus areas include the enhancement of student engagement, the development of interactive and immersive educational content, and the integration of AR into various educational disciplines. Additionally, the paper addresses practical considerations, challenges, and future prospects associated with the widespread adoption of AR in educational contexts. By synthesizing current research findings, this paper aims to contribute valuable insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers seeking to leverage technology for more effective and engaging learning environments.

Keywords: Technology, IT, learning processes, Augmented reality, mixed reality.

Abstract: Organocatalysis will be a ability in Synthetic Green Chemistry and Synthesis mainly expressed to be utilized for speeding up the rate of synthetic reaction with a sub stoichiometric measure of a natural compound which does not contain a metal and not a macro molecule like protein, nucleic acid or polymer [1,2]. The area of as a L-Proline organocatalysis has been one of the most powerful and quickly developing fields in organic synthesis throughout the last decade, generally because of its incredible potential for acknowledging extremely complex , successful , specific asymmetric changes and amine derivatives likewise utilized for different reactions like asymmetric Aldol reactions, Asymmetric Michael reactions, organocatalytic H stimulation , assymetric anti 1,2 diol, epoxide development, transamination, Mannich reaction , asymmetric α-hydroxyamination, polymerization, One pot Multi-component reaction. These review articles gives update data on current reports and describe effectiveness of L-Proline organocatalysis and its productivity for this methodology and extension. The information on the procedure of synthesis, compound responses, and work on this in different publications is presented.

Keywords: Proline, Organocatalyst, Asymmetric Synthesis, aldol reaction.

Abstract: The surge in Android-based devices has led to an alarming increase in the spread of malware through mobile applications. This literature survey delves into the realm of Android malware detection, focusing on Machine Learning (ML) approaches with a specific emphasis on the analysis of Android Package (APK) permissions. The study explores the existing body of research that employs ML techniques to scrutinize the permissions requested by Android apps during installation. These permissions are pivotal indicators of an app's behaviour and potential security risks. The survey examines various ML algorithms utilized in the detection process, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Naive Bayes, Decision Trees, and K-Nearest Neighbors. Additionally, it reviews the methodologies employed in feature extraction from APK files, including static and dynamic attributes, API calls, and system calls. The survey critically evaluates the performance metrics used in assessing the efficacy of ML-based models, such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. By consolidating insights from diverse studies, this literature survey provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art techniques in Android malware detection, fostering a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities in securing the Android ecosystem.

Keywords: Machine learning, Android malware, Malware detection, APK, Permissions.

Abstract: Ethernet has emerged as a crucial component in modern in-vehicle networks, serving as a bridge to meet the demand for over-the-air updates and ensure efficient automotive software updates. Leveraging its unique characteristics, introducing unified diagnostic services over Ethernet/IP presents a paradigm shift, offering significant advantages over existing solutions based on other time synchronous bridging protocols. This paper unveils an innovative EtherNet/IP-capable Unified Diagnostic Service architecture designed to efficiently address the over-the-air update requirements. The diagnostic process is intelligently offloaded during runtime, ensuring non-interference with the runtime automotive services. This is achieved through well-defined state machines of TCP/IP and FTP, and a task response completed with a finite state machine with bounded buffer complexity, thereby safeguarding the control-CAN network. As the threat landscape evolves, the automotive network is increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks. In response, our architecture incorporates a robust set of preventive and reactive measures. Secure boot, Authentic air updates, and a multi-domain architecture form a formidable first line of defense, enhancing the security of the automotive network. These measures build trust between the CAN FD-enabled Ethernet/IP end devices, ensuring the integrity of the system. The Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) protocol is standardized by ISO(R)-14229, encompassing the entire range of automotive diagnostic tools. Inevitably, this article concentrates on designing and implementing an Ethernet/IP-capable Diagnostic Service Tool that could efficiently meet the OTA need using industry-standard protocols such as an HTTP-end server. This ensures that our implemented system is more compatible with existing aftermarkets, that the functionalities are unchanged within our tool, and that it can be used for offline activity with COTS hardware [5]. Our implemented system encompasses an industry-grade Ethernet/IP-enabled gigabit physical layer, conformance to joint test specifications of Ethernet/IP specifications by ODVA and Ethernet-based diagnostic services, and a UDS-based diagnostic software tool. In addition, the importance of state machines, states, bounded complexity [1], and formulating attacks so that our system is robust to malicious activity in the compromised environment (Automotive network) are also discussed from the view of proper operation in the runtime, which is a critical barrier for all initial state offloading. Subsequently, testing of the implemented tool under various conditions, such as disabling the interface and downgrading it to 100 Mbps EMAC states, validates the implemented systems' robustness to inaccurate connections and accidental particular states, the evolution of malicious activity, and interoperability between OEM and aftermarket tools.

Keywords: AI-enabled unified Diagnostic Services, Industry 4.0, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Smart Manufacturing (SM), Computer Science, Data Science, Vehicle, Vehicle Reliability, Diagnostic Services

Abstract: Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) provide users with immersive experiences where virtual elements blend seamlessly into the physical environment. However, to fully harness the potential of AR/MR devices, it is crucial to extend their capabilities by enabling interaction with physical objects connected through the Internet of Things (IoT). Achieving this integration is often hindered by the heterogeneity of underlying technologies, and typically demands the expertise of specialized developers to build the necessary communication mechanisms. To overcome these challenges, this article presents a framework that simplifies the integration between AR/MR and IoT systems, enabling real-time and dynamic interaction. The proposed AR/MR-IoT framework relies on widely used open-source protocols and tools such as MQTT, HTTPS, and Node-RED. Following a detailed breakdown of the framework's architecture, its practical application is demonstrated through a use case involving the monitoring and control of a smart power socket using Microsoft HoloLens AR/MR glasses. Performance evaluation of this scenario shows that the framework consistently handles interaction and data update requests with response times under 100 milliseconds in typical operating conditions.

Keywords: IoT; Internet of Things; augmented reality; mixed reality; open-source framework; sensors; actuators

Abstract: This paper presents a computational framework for solving fuzzy partial differential equations (FPDEs) using the α-cut approach coupled with finite difference schemes. The fuzzy heat equation is employed as a model problem, where the fuzziness in initial or boundary conditions is addressed using α-level decomposition. The resulting interval-valued PDEs are discretized using the explicit forward-time central-space (FTCS) method. The reconstruction of fuzzy solutions from multiple α-level simulations provides an envelope or "fuzzy band" that quantifies the impact of uncertainty in the model parameters. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method and illustrate the propagation of uncertainty in space and time.

Keywords: Fuzzy PDE, α-cut method, Finite difference scheme, Heat equation, Interval analysis, Uncertainty modeling, Fuzzy band.

Abstract: Food spoilage and food preservation are two interrelated aspects of food science that determine the quality, safety, and shelf life of food products. Food preservation refers to the process of handling and preserving food using certain techniques that stop or slow down spoilage. Food spoilage refers to the process in which food undergoes undesirable changes in taste, odour, texture, or appearance, making it unsafe or unfit for consumption. Food preservation techniques prevent loss of quality, nutritional value and edibility. These practices have been essential for centuries as they allow people to store food for future consumption. Methods of food preservation are followed by all companies in the food industry to extend the shelf life of their products. However, these techniques are not only required for increasing the shelf life. They are also crucial to reduce food waste. There are various types of food preservation methods available like salting, dehydration, freezing, smoking, pasteurization, irradiation, antimicrobial agents, preservatives, and nanotechnology in the food industry during processing and packaging. Together, the study of food spoilage and preservation is essential to improve storage, processing, and distribution in the food industry, while also addressing global challenges of food security and sustainability.

Keywords: Food spoilage, food preservation, freezing, Pasteurization, food processing, nanotechnology.