Abstract: Carbon storage facilities are essential in carbon sequestration and mitigation of climate change but the storage of carbonaceous substances brings with them high risk of fire occurrences in the form of smoldering combustion, spontaneous ignition and explosions of combustible dusts. The traditional fire detectors usually are not able to give early alerts because the smoke takes time to develop and the ventilation in storage facilities is complicated. The paper describes the improved fire detection system of carbon storage facilities based on Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The simulations are carried out using computational fluid dynamics where the growth of the fire, propagation of smoke, temperature and the evolution of the gas species are analyzed under different fire conditions. The detector response behavior is tested by combining multi-sensor models, which consist of smoke, heat, and gas sensors to determine the best sensor placement and detection threshold. The outcome of the simulations indicate that using gas based and multi sensor detection schemes would save a great deal of time, relative to the conventional smoke only systems in terms of detection time. The suggested solution offers a performance-based model of efficient and reliable fire detection systems design in carbon storage processes.

Keywords: Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), Carbon Storage, Fire Detection Systems, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Multi-Sensor Detection, Combustible Dust Fire

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2026.133109