VOLUME 3, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2016

Abstract: As the technology innovations are quickly developed including mobile technology, mobile application for reservation services can enhance individuals' life, make it less complex.This research presents a mobile reservation system for airline companies to simplify the process of booking a flight. The users usually buy their ticket manually and maybe wait in a queue to check the required flight. The proposed system implemented to overcome manual system problem by making booking from home or elsewhere and save time and effort.

Keywords: ARS, mobile application, reservation system, Android, airline, booking.

Abstract: Polymer Flooding is one of the most economic attractive EOR techniques which are used to improve the sweep efficiency, and in turn extract large fraction of the residual oil after primary recovery. The selection of the optimum polymer concentration should be considered as a main step in designing a polymer flooding project since it affects both the technical and economic feasibility of the project. There are several factors such as shearing, temperature, salinity and adsorption influencing the polymer concentration and viscosity required for achieving favorable mobility ratio. Thus, the impact of these factors should be considered while selecting the optimum concentration. The objectives of this research are to investigate the effect of polymer types, concentration, and adsorption and slug sizes on oil recovery at low and extremely high salinity. Rheological behavior of two types of polymer: Xanthan gum and PAM were measured in high salinity high temperature (HSHT). The effect of polymer adsorption was measured to determine the optimum polymer concentration. Results showed that the optimum polymer concentration was 500 ppm based on the relative permeability data and shear rate of 10s^(-1).in porous media. In addition, the effects of polymer concentration and slug size on cumulative oil recovery were investigated showing that the recovery factor increases with increasing the polymer concentration with an optimum slug size 0.6 PV. These extensive laboratory tests conducted will help in selecting the optimum polymer slug, concentration at reservoir conditions that will provide the favorable mobility ratio. The economic evaluation of the project based on the simulation study and polymer properties measured in the lab showed that the polymer flooding is economically feasible, since the project earned much higher NPV than water flooding. . A new correlation will be developed to be used to calculate the resistance factor at different shear rates. Finally, The economic feasibility of the selected concentration and slug size are determined.

Keywords: Enhanced oil recovery, Polymer, Slug size, Cumulative oil recovery, Adsorption, concentration.

Abstract: Mapping of Singo granite in Kiboga area of Central Uganda was carried out with the use Aeromagnetic remote sensing data. The depth, source, subsurface and surface structures of the magnetic anomaly in Singo granite were investigated with the aeromagnetic dataset. Different types of filtering were performed on OASIS Montaj Software to enhance interpretation of the aeromagnetic data; these include Vertical Derivatives, Analytical Signal, and Total Magnetic Intensity. Vertical derivatives and analytical signal reveals the structural features within and around the Singo granite while total magnetic intensity shows the frequency of the magnetic source. 3D Euler deconvolution was used to determine the depth of the magnetic anomaly within Singo granite.

Keywords: Singo granite, Aeromagnetic, Vertical Derivatives, Analytical Signal, Total Magnetic Intensity, 3D Euler deconvolution.

Abstract: Concrete is one of the most widely used construction material having ingredients as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. It develops strength in the presence of water when added to the dry mixture of the ingredients. The development of strength in the said mass starts instant of the time when the water is just added to it up to a certain time preferably the initial setting time and the prepared mass remains plastic and can be moulded easily, after which the hardening process proceeds faster towards the final setting time and the mass becomes hard and solid which cannot be moulded at all. Delays in concreting are leading to partial setting of concrete which has suffered a long period of exposure in the open before actual casting in the mould. This concrete should not be utilized for strength purpose in practice, and is to be discarded, but still it contains a good portion of the active part of the reactive cement in that mass. These situations may affect the strength of final product. The strength also depends on the plane at the concrete joint made while casting. If blending of such partially set concrete with richer mix to attain the target strength, can achieve economy and there will be no wastage of material. Much building waste is made up of materials such as concrete and mortar damaged or unused fur various masons during construction. Observational research has shown that this can be as high as 5 to 10% of the materials that go into a building a much higher percentage than the 2.5-5% usually assumed by quantity surveyors and the construction industry. Since considerable variability exists between construction sites, there is much opportunity for reducing this waste and by reusing the material natural resources and the environmental balance can be maintained and economy will be gained. The study aims for identifying such a time lag after that the required target strength may be achieved even after delay in casting. To identify the meeting planes of two interface layers which has lesser effect on compressive strength. Use of Bonding Agent (SBR Latex) for improves time lag and strength of concrete. Study of Blended of concrete (Selfing and Crossing).

Keywords: Selfing, Crossing, Blended Mix Concrete, Stryine Butdine rubber, Ultimate Load.

Abstract: Wireless networking has gained popularity being flexible in nature i.e. easy establishment and removal. First WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) standard became available in market was WI-FI( IEEE 802.11 ) standards, with the increasing demand of more bandwidth and data rates new standard were developed of high frequency microwaves IEEE 802.16 standards. New networks are introducing heterogeneity among networks, for satisfying user demands of high bandwidth. Mobile users accessing internet are increasing with great pace often get less mobility feature by maintaining signal strength issues for sustainable data rates. Mobility of nodes (users) across different or homogeneous networks can overcome signal strength related issues. Mobility across networks performing handover can improve data rates and can provide all time on processing. Handover can be done with other networks like neighbor networks for connectivity. Also mobile node should handle different PHY/MAC related issues for reliable implementation of handover process. Mobility management across different networks needs to be addressed and examined for real time scenarios. In this research paper analysis of performance of horizontal handover among WI-FI and WIMAX networks considering certain parameters like packet drop and average throughput etc. in NS2 event driven simulation software. Handover among different networks evolves complexity of mobility management is discussed.

Keywords: Wireless Network, WI-FI, WIMAX, Horizontal handover, Vertical handover, NS2, Network Animator, Toolkit Command Language.

Abstract: Internet data communication is a crucial activity for modern society. Since internet communication needs secure, efficient and high data rate communication, researchers propose different form of internet data communication. The current wireless data communication Wireless-Fidelity is based on radio frequency and uses router for signal transmitter and Wi-Fi card or chip as receiver which are built in modern computers and smart phones. This radio frequency based technology is limited in bandwidth, interfered with signals of different electronic equipment and easily accessed or hacked by unwanted hidden peoples. Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a new technology that, proposed in late 2011 by prof. Harald Haas, uses illumination for internet data communication and will be implemented in a near future. Li-Fi uses semiconductor diodes for both data source and data receiver. It uses different color light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a transmitter and photodiodes as a receiver which are connected with computers or smart phones. Li-Fi technology uses the very simple technique of transmitting data using LED bulbs ie, if the LED is ON, then the digital signal 1 is transmitted else, if the LED is OFF, the digital signal 0 is transmitted which are detected by the photodiode at the receiver side. Li-Fi has many advantages over wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi). The advantage of Li-Fi over Wi-Fi is due to data communication spectrum differences. The electromagnetic spectrum bandwidth used for visible light communication (VLC) of Li-Fi is 10,000 times greater than for electromagnetic spectrum bandwidth of radio frequencies for Wi-Fi. Li-Fi technology has many advantages over Wi-Fi as a result of its unlimited bandwidth, its poor object penetration capacity, its low electromagnetic interference property and its possibility to integrate with the existing light infrastructure. But Li-Fi technology has some draw backs than Wi-Fi due to its radiation range, radiation direction and penetration capacity through objects and opaque materials. Since Li-Fi is clean cheaper and efficient and secure, most computer related companies will join and the draw backs will be reduced.

Keywords: Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Light Fidelity (Li-Fi), Light Emitting Diode (LED), LDR (Light Dependent Register).

Abstract: Tin oxide (SnO2) undoped and Cu doped nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical process using low-cost tin chloride as the starting material. The crystal structure, particle size and optical properties of the nano particles were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV absorption spectroscopy. The XRD pattern revealed the formation of SnO2 and all the samples were found to be poly-crystalline in nature. The crystallite size for the undoped sample was calculated to be 11 nm approximately. The increase in doping concentration resulted in increase of the particle size and the size of the Cu doped samples were found to be in the 14 - 20 nm range. The UV-VIS studies showed decrease in band gap with increasing doping concentration.

Keywords: Semiconductor, nano-particles, SnO2, XRD, UV-VIS Spectroscopy, Crystallite structure, optical property

Abstract: Distributed generation is very important role in electrical power system in near future. Distributed energy which produce electricity from small energy sources. the energy sources are directly connected to low or medium voltage distribution systems. The insertion of DG system into existing distribution network has great impact on real time system operation and planning. The aims of integration DG into all generation plants reduce the cost and greenhouse emission. In distributed power generation market micro turbine generation systems are currently attracting in order to meet customer needs. In order to investigate the performance of micro turbine generation system their efficient modelling is required. DG also helps reduce power losses and improving the system power quality .this paper presents a dynamic model of a MTG system, suitable for grid connected/islanding operation. The components of the system are built from the dynamics of each part with their interconnections .In this paper design a passive filter is designed to reduction of harmonics in the system. The MTG system is a complicated thermo dynamical system with a high speed of rotation, frequency conversion and its control strategy. In spite of several techniques to control high speed of micro turbine is not accurate and reliable due to their ant interference problem, The fuzzy logic based speed governor for a MTG system as an alternative to nominal PI or lead lag based controller. The development of fuzzy logic based speed governor including input and output membership functions with their respective members. The load variation of MTG system is performed using conventional and fuzzy logic controller.

Keywords: distributed generation, micro turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator, power conditioning unit, filter islanding mode, power quality.

Abstract: Improved citrate auto combustion preparation technique is used to synthesis ferromagnetic and ferroelectric phases of the investigated nanocomposite. Atomic force microscope (AFM) is one of the important tools for imaging, measuring, and manipulating matter at the nanoscale. The characterization was performed by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), physiosorption of N2, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Z potential measurements. The characterization and adsorption experiments showed that the extent of pesticide adsorption was markedly subjected to the structure and features of the surface of each oregano-clay and also to the nature of the considered pesticide.

Keywords: Nanocomposite, Characterization, Quantities

Abstract: Due to the increasing population in world, the demand for energy is also increasing. There are lots of technologies to utilize the solar energy for the benefits of human society. Out of those techniques most popular technique is solar water heating. Mainly solar collectors used for heating a water are of flat type. It is used to increase the temperature of water up to 700C by direct solar radiation absorption. But the flat plate collector has low thermal efficiency due to less surface area. Other disadvantage of flat plate solar collector is improper thermal stratification. So to overcome these drawbacks, new solar geometry used with different tube arrangement. The main aim of this project is to fabricate a low cost solar water heater which gives hot warm water for bathing as well as washing purpose. In proposed system umbrella shape absorber geometry is used, which gives more effective area as compare to flat plate collector subjected to heat transfer. And spiral tube arrangement is being used which overcome the tracking requirement of system. And this system is quite simple in operation as well as in construction. The performance of this umbrella shape water heating system is carried out at Nagpur [21.060, 79.030] in the month of March with different combinations of selective coatings on the absorber surface, with different mass flow rate, with and without mirror conditions. After experimentation and analysis, it is found that umbrella shape solar water is more efficient as compare to flat plate solar collector. The maximum temperature achieved during the experimentation as 77.6 0C with corresponding instantaneous efficiency of 60.24% with mass flow rate of 0.192 kg/min.

Keywords: Absorber geometry, Spiral tube arrangement, Absorber coating, Cost, Thermosiphon circulation, Mirror.

Abstract: In order to study vehicle traffic flow under extreme weather conditions such as haze and so on, this paper mainly focus on the application of related video processing technology in vehicle detection, and studies the traffic flow detection method based on video images. Based on the Gaussian mixture model, background detection and video de-haze algorithm is used to model the background, video frame is extracted and HSV model is used to make the video image clearer and then traffic flow is detected. MATLAB simulation results show that the proposed flow detection system can produce high detection accuracy of the vehicle in the haze environment.

Keywords: Gauss model, HSV model, de-haze algorithm, vehicle detection and tracking.

Abstract: A fragile watermarking algorithm applying to electronic police information processing system is proposed in this paper. First license plate is extracted as the embedded watermark from illegal driving automobile image and then was embedded in DCT domain; watermark was extracted without original image. MATLAB simulation results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm can be embedded in the illegal driving automobile image captured by electronic eye, and watermark can be exactly extracted under the conventional image processing such as noise addition & JPEG compression. When watermarked image is subjected to cropping and license plate content tampering attack, the extracted watermark is not clear enough, thus indicates the illegal driving automobile image was tampered.

Keywords: license plate extraction, fragile watermark, DCT transformation, content tempering

Abstract: Network lifetime is the essential parameter of efficient wireless sensor network. This can be achieving by the using different localization and routing algorithm. In this paper, we propose the hybridization of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Ant colony Optimization (ACO). SVM is the supervised learning model, which is used to trained the dataset points and classification them into two class that is dead nodes and alive nodes. Whereas ACO, select optimal or shortest path among all adjacent possible path from source node to destination node for data transmission. The proposed technique improves the network lifetime as well as detects failure nodes in wireless sensor network. The proposed work compared with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) at different nodes.

Keywords: WSN, ACO, SVM, wireless sensor network

Abstract: WSN is the emerging and fast growing field which consist of low cost, battery operated and multi functional sensor nodes. In wireless sensor network improving lifetime of the network is the main challenge. With static sink energy whole problem or hot spot is a major problem in WSN. The sensor nodes which are located near to the sink, act as relay for those of the nodes which are far apart from the sink. This causes the lifetime of the network reduced. The concept of mobile sink solves the problem of energy hole problem and also does the load balancing in the wireless sensor network. In this paper we propose to improve the lifetime of the wireless sensor network by using mobile sink based energy efficient adaptive threshold clustering hierarchy algorithm. Here we use hybrid routing protocol APTEEN which gives overall snapshot of the network at periodic intervals and also react to time critical situations. The results obtained from the proposed algorithm have been compared with that obtained from MSIEEP protocol. It can be accessed from results that the proposed algorithm works better than MSIEEP. The simulation result is performed in MATLAB.

Keywords: Mobile sink, APTEEN, lifetime, energy efficient.

Abstract: Wireless sensor network has large number of potential applications. It faces many challenging optimization problems in which one of them is coverage problem that reflect the quality of service provided by a sensor network as well as how well sensors monitored the sensor network. In this paper, we propose a optimization technique to improve network lifetime for k-coverage. In proposed algorithm firstly sensor nodes are trained by support vector machine and then apply ant colony optimization technique for target coverage and find the optimal path between source node to destination node. The objective of this paper is to find optimal path from source to destination and improve network lifetime for k-coverage. The proposed work compared with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) at different nodes.

Keywords: Target coverage, k- coverage, ant colony optimization, wireless sensor network.

Abstract: The important issue in the wireless sensor network is scalability and stability due to huge number of sensor node, their deployment and density. When the network size increases it become necessary that scalable and energy efficient routing is imperative. With static sink energy hole problem or hot spot is a major problem in WSN. The sensor nodes which are located near to the sink, act as relay for those of the nodes which are far apart from the sink. This causes the lifetime of the network reduced. In this paper mobile sink and heterogeneity of the nodes extends the stability period. Heterogeneous network model gives the three different energy levels of the sensor nodes. In this paper we propose to improve the stability period of the wireless sensor network by using mobile sink based energy efficient adaptive threshold clustering hierarchy algorithm. Here we use hybrid routing protocol APTEEN which gives overall snapshot of the network at periodic intervals and also react to time critical situations. The results obtained from the proposed algorithm have been compared with that obtained from MSIEEP protocol. It can be assessed from results that the proposed algorithm works better than MSIEEP. The simulation result is performed in MATLAB.

Keywords: Mobile sink, stability, energy efficient, Heterogeneous.

Abstract: In wireless sensor network technology one major problem is localization problem. In most of the applications, without localization the data collected by the network that information does not useful. Location information has an significant role in both networking and application domains of wireless sensor network. Traditional received signal strength based localizations using propagation-loss model are often incorrect for the low cost WSN devices. The reason is that the wireless channel is unsafe to so many factors that deriving the appropriate propagation-loss model for the low cost WSN devices is not possible. Localization plays a critical role in various applications like tracking, battlefield, intrusion detection, medical surveillance etc. TDOA helps in finding out the distance between anchor nodes and sensor nodes and compares result on the basis of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).This paper aims to measure the distance between the mobile node and sensor node by using the PSO-ANN algorithm.

Keywords: Wireless sensor network, Artificial neural network, Particle swarm optimization, received signal strength indicator, localization algorithms, TDOA.

Abstract: Taguchi philosophy was utilised to calculate the most significant control factors which will yield higher impact strength of the joints of friction stir welded dissimilar AA5083 and AA6061 aluminium alloy. To optimize the process parameters such as tool rotational speed, weld speed and tool tilt angle on impact strength of friction stir welded dissimilar AA5083 and AA6061 aluminium alloy, Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) and optimization technique was utilised. The optimum levels of process parameters were fund by utilising the Taguchi parametric design concept. The outcomes indicate that the rotational speed, welding speed and tool tilt angle are the important parameters in deciding the impact strength of the weld joint. The predicted optimal value of Impact strength of friction stir welded dissimilar AA5083 and AA6061aluminium alloy is 30J. The outcomes were confirmed by further experiments.

Keywords: Friction stir welding; AA5083 and AA6061; Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) ; Process parameters; Impact strength.

Abstract: It is a vision that sounds a lot like what we are calling cloud computing. One of the first milestones in cloud computing history was the arrival of Salesforce.com in 1999, which pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple website. Cloud computing is an internet based computing which has powerful computational architecture and it offers universal services to the customers and it has several benefits over grid and other computing. In this paper, we have given a review on evolution of cloud computing, its comparison with other computing.

Keywords: Cloud, Computer bureau, Fog Computing, Dew Computing.

Abstract: The increasing use of wireless devices and in particular cell phones has led for the need of greater capacity and higher speed than the present wireless network technologies. Hence, Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) has become the two foremost technologies. Cell phone services are rapidly shifting from voice services to data and from circuit-switching to packet-switching ones. The prior readiness of the WiMAX technology has already given it its edge over the LTE. Competition between the two is evened by the absences in considerable roll out plans due to cost factors of WiMAX. The goals for LTE indicate bandwidth as high as 100Mbps on the downlink, and up to 50Mbps on the uplink. However, this possible increase in bandwidth is just a minor part of the overall advancements, which LTE aims to provide. Keeping in the view the importance of the LTE & the WiMAX this study illustrates the comparison of these two technologies using the NS-3 network simulator. The evaluation of the network performance for two technologies is done on the basis of Quality of Service parameters which includes throughput, average jitter and packet lost. From simulation results, it is evident that with lesser node traffics the LTE works a little better but as the nodes traffic increases WiMAX starts to perform better. Throughput between 100 to 150 nodes both technologies are similar but beyond 150 nodes WiMAX performed better.

Keywords: 4th Generation (4G), Network Simulator-3 (NS-3), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) Technologies.

Abstract: Car security system can be divided into two main parts: one is the active security systems; the other is the passive security system. Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an important active security systems. It can effectively enhance the driving stability, reduce the braking distance, and to some extent, prevent the accident from happening. The emergency brake of a moving car may cause sudden locking of the wheel. The front wheel locking will cause loss of vehicle steering force; the rear wheels locking will make the vehicle slide sideways and tail flick. These problems are often one of the factors causing the accident. If a vehicle equipped with ABS, the tires will not be in a locking state when there is an emergency braking, which enhances security. This article use of Matlab / Simulink software to implement simulation of anti-lock braking system, as well as modeling and control of the ABS. After the study of several car anti-lock braking system control method, the option of using the fuzzy control door limit control strategy can make the simulation results more accurate.

Keywords: Anti-lock Brake System, Matlab/Simulink, Fuzzy control.

Abstract: A novel, laboratory-scale, membrane-based photo bioreactor was used to investigate the feasibility of CO2 removal from flue gas of coal-fired power plants using the photosynthetic conversion of CO2 in terms of algal biomass productivity (g m-2 day-1). The experiments employed atmospheric CO2 and CO2-enriched air concentrations of 0.5% and 10% under light intensities of 75±10 µmol m-2 s-1, with gas and water temperatures of 50±3 °C. An initial mass of thermophilic cyanobacterial was grown on a 2'x1' vertical growth surface for a 16-day period. The culture media flowed vertically down the growth surfaces while a CO2-enriched air stream was circulated horizontally across and parallel to the surfaces. The productivities of algal biomass growth in atmospheric CO2, 0.5% and 10% CO2 were approximately 1.20, 1.82, and 1.86 g m-2 day-1, respectively. The result showed insignificant difference in gained algal biomass between 0.5% and 10% CO2.

Keywords: membrane-based photo bioreactor, photosynthetic conversion, thermophilic cyanobacterial, algal biomass productivity, culture media, growth surfaces

Abstract: Sodium hydroxide solution was mixed with cyanobacteria growth media (50% RO water and 50% BG - 11) in a ratio of 1 mL of 3M NaOH per liter a of media (3mM/L) to examine the effects on CO2 solubility using air (0.038%), 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 10% CO2 under atmospheric pressure at temperatures of 25, 35, 45, and 55°C. In addition, the solubility of 0.5% and 1.0% CO2-enriched air was investigated its behavior with respect to changing of NaOH concentration. The NaOH solution played a significant role for CO2 solubility in increasing CO2 solubility holding capacity. Ratios of TIC response among 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% CO2 solubility to NaOH were approximately 1 and 2 for 10.0% CO2 compared to 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% CO2,which was much less than the theoretical driving force ratio of these CO2 levels. These ratios decreased with respect to increased temperature. The TIC from CO2 solubility was linearly proportional to the amount of the NaOH solution used and to the increased CO2 levels. Experimental results yielded meaningful correlations of TIC concentrations and a bulk parameter as a function of temperatures, CO2 concentrations and amounts of the NaOH concentration.

Keywords: carbon dioxide; CO2; themophilic cyanobacteria; cyanobacteria growth media; RO water; inorganic carbon; saturated TIC concentration; total inorganic carbon; TIC.

Abstract: The aim of this work is to understand the performance variations of magneto-rheological brake system by considering the different shapes of brake envelopes. The shapes selected for brake envelopes are rectangular, dumbbell, shell type and 7-segment and find out the most suitable shape or geometry. MR brakes of different shapes were modelled and the braking torque for each envelope was found out. By using ANSYS Mechanical APDL optimization of MR brakes with different shapes is performed. From the results most suitable MR brake system were identified and discussed.

Keywords: Magneto-rheological fluid (MR fluid), MR brake, Shape of envelope, braking torque.

Abstract: The development of OHCR (Online Handwritten Character Recognition) is an interesting area in the field of Pattern Recognition. Sustainability of traditional script input methods needs attention in the preservation of neutrality of languages. In the context of Indian scripts, automatic recognition of handwritings contributes a lot in preserving its vital aspects. The South Indian family of languages (Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu) share characteristics of ancient Brahmi script from which they are derived. Research work for accurate OHCR engines for various Indian scripts is still in progress. The paper is intended for familiarizing the works in Online Handwriting Recognition of various Indian scripts. Various features and classification techniques used with recognition accuracies were compared from existing literature. This will be beneficial for the quality selection of features and classification techniques in future works.

Keywords: OHCR, Feature Extraction ,Indian scripts, Handwriting Recognition

Abstract: Refrigeration and air conditioning are one of the leading consumers of electric power in the world. Most of the refrigeration systems are based on simple vapor compression refrigeration cycle. This paper is concerned with evaluating and comparing the performance of VCRS with and without the use of evaporative cooling on the suction and discharge line. The system is evaluated on the basis of attaining same temperature drop in evaporator chamber with and without use of evaporative cooling and thus finding out the COP of both the arrangements respectively. Wood fiber is used as a porous pad which is wounded over the suction line. Cooling the suction line (line which comes out of evaporator and goes into compressor) will reduce the temperature of the refrigerant going into the compressor, thereby reducing its specific volume and hence the compressor work. Wood fiber and coconut coir is used in turn for cooling the discharge line (line which comes out of compressor and goes into condenser). This is supposed to reduce the load on the condenser and thus enhance the overall COP of the system. It is found that evaporative cooling system increases energy saving up to 14%. The COP of the system increased by 7.2% with the use of wood fiber as the evaporative cooling pad on both the suction and discharge line. Also the increase in COP of system by using wood fiber on the suction line and coco0nut coir on the discharge line is 6.5%.

Keywords: VCRS, Refrigerating Effect (RE), Coefficient of Performance (COP), R134a.

Abstract: Vapor- liquid equilibrium data for three strongly associated binary systems was taken for estimation of parameters of four different thermodynamic models by developing a general code using optimization techniques in MATLAB software. Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements are considered in this work for three binary systems methanol-ethanoic acid, methanol-water and water-ethanoic acid at 101.325 kpa. None of the systems form an azeotrope. The activity coefficient has been calculated taking into consideration the non-ideality of the mixture. The experimental T, x, y data are used to estimate nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL), Wilson, Margules and VanLaar model parameters, and these parameters in turn are used to calculate vapor phase compositions. The activity coefficients of the solution were correlated with NRTL, Wilson, Margules, and VanLaar models through fitting by least-squares method. The VLE data of binary system were well predicted from these binary interaction parameters of NRTL, Wilson, Margules, and VanLaar model parameters without any additional adjustment to build the thermodynamic model of VLE for binary system and obtain the vapor-pressure compositions and the calculated bubble points.

Keywords: Binary mixture, Vapor liquid equilibrium, Wilson, Margules, VanLaar, NRTL.

Abstract: After analyzing the whole circuit of proposed BOOST converter we find the double output voltage to input voltage. There are no ripples in output voltage. In this circuit the supply voltage is always in continuous conduction mode, when circuit is running in step up condition. A SEPI C converter is a purely DC-DC converter. Its features are similar to the Cuk converter. A boost converter is a step-up converter and a power converter with an output DC voltage greater than its input DC voltage.

Keywords: BOOST converter, SEPI C converter, DC-DC converter, Cuk converter

Abstract: Helical spring made of spring steel often have high yield strength which enables them to return to their original form after a significant force is applied. Specific application of steel spring in automotive is ruled by industrial guideline, like, Japanese industrial standard(JIS),Daewoo Engineering standard(DES) and Daihatsu Technical Standards(DTS). This project attempts to investigate the characteristics of a helical spring type by using Steel alloy and CFRC materials approach was done systematically by using Ansys. The Helical springs were intended to verify the steel alloy spring material properties (spring constant, Yield strength and tensile strength) for standards of CFRC spring. To successfully reduce a vehicle weight by replacing steel with composite materials, it is essential to optimize the material parameters and design variables of the structure. On the other hand, finite element results show that the spring meets the customer requirements within small deviation. In the present study investigated for numerical cycles to determine the ply angles and wire diameter of carbon fiber/epoxy composite coil springs to attain a spring rate equal to that of an equivalent steel component. The spring was modeled in CATIA and the analysis is performed in ANSYS.

Keywords: "CATIAV5 R20"," MODAL ANALYSIS","ANSYS","MODES","STABILITY"

Abstract: Automation is very important in the advanced world. Automation makes life easier, reduces time for working manually and spontaneous. In an irrigation based country it is very important to have a developed irrigation system. This project deals with the automatic operation of the pump to supply water in the field depending on the soil moisture. The system can be operated using solar energy or even the DC voltage converted from AC. This is done by programming in ATMEGA328.

Keywords: Solar Tracking Device, Automatic pump control, Automatic Irrigation System, Simulation.

Abstract: The liquefied natural gas (LNG) must be gasified before it is used, so the LNG heated and gasified device is very important for LNG used effectively. This paper studied and developed a new type LNG rapidly gasified device. The device adopts several creative techniques, such as the umbrella rotor, the flue gas recirculation system and the water injection system, which are authorized national invention patents. By using these techniques, the device can be operated safely and effectively. Based on the experimental research, the industrial applied device was made up, and the industrial test research has been carried on in a LNG supplied station for reasonability of the device. The results show that: the efficiency of device, the heat loss of exhausting flue gas, the heat loss of surface diffused and the fuel gas consumption rate of device have all reached the design requirements. When the load of device is in the region of 1800-2200 Nm3/h, the efficiency of the device is all above 95%; when the load is 1976.0 Nm3/h which is near the design value 2000 Nm3/h, the efficiency arrives to high value 96.34%. The largest load can arrive to 2800 Nm3/h, so the device has good load adaptability which can adapt to the rapid increase of external load. The fuel gas consumption rate of device is only 1.46%, which can meet the requirement of energy conservation. The new type LNG rapidly gasified device has many merits such as high efficiency, quickly starting up, fast gasified speed, compact structure, without being limited by any environmental conditions and so on. The new device may be used in middle or small independent region which cannot be joined into natural gas supplied lines system due to various reasons.

Keywords: LNG gasified device; quick start; high gasification reaction rate; umbrella rotor; flue gas recirculation; water injection system; application experiment