A Spatial and Socio-Ecological Analysis of Human–Panther Conflicts and Premature Mortality of Panthers in Rajsamand District of Rajasthan

Abstract: Human–wildlife conflict has emerged as a critical conservation challenge in human-dominated landscapes of India, particularly affecting large carnivores such as the Indian leopard (Panthera pardus). This study examines the patterns, causes, and spatial distribution of premature panther deaths and human–panther conflict in Rajsamand district, Rajasthan. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates geospatial analysis, field surveys, and community- based interviews to identify conflict hotspots and underlying socio-ecological drivers. Secondary data on mortality incidents were analyzed alongside primary data collected from affected villages to assess the role of habitat fragmentation, prey depletion, and anthropogenic pressures.

The findings reveal that a significant proportion of panther deaths are linked to human activities, including retaliatory killings, road accidents, and accidental falls into open wells. Spatial analysis highlights clustering of conflict incidents near forest–agriculture interfaces and rapidly urbanizing zones. Community perceptions indicate a complex relationship characterized by fear, economic loss, and limited awareness of conservation measures.

The study underscores the need for integrated management strategies, including habitat restoration, securing open wells, strengthening compensation mechanisms, and enhancing community participation in conservation programs. By linking ecological patterns with human dimensions, the research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of coexistence challenges and offers practical recommendations for mitigating conflict and reducing premature mortality of panthers in Aravali landscape.

Keywords: Premature Mortality, Human–wildlife conflict, Socio-ecological drivers, Anthropogenic pressures.