VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, JUNE 2020

Abstract: A lot of intervention measures have been put in place to curb the challenges faced by peasants practicing subsistence farming. However, most households still experience food unsustainability. Subsistence farmers of East Alego location Siaya County where the study was conducted practice livestock keeping all the year round. Even though the area is endowed with natural conditions favorable for livestock keeping, but most households experience food unsustainability. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of livestock farming on food sustainability. Descriptive research design was used together with research instruments such as observations, interview schedules and administration of questionnaires. The study adopted stratified sampling technique and simple random sampling design with a sample size of 327 households out of 2381 targeted farm households in the study area. Data from the field was analyzed using measures of central tendencies such as mean, mode and median. Frequencies and percentages were also used to present data using tables, bar graphs, line graphs and photographs. Tests such as Spearman`s rank order was used in analyzing data from the field. A spearman's rank correlation value (r) = 0.9 was closer to 1 and signified a strong/high positive correlation on the benefits of livestock production to farmers. Nearly 81% of the respondents suggested keeping of mixed animals for their produce and use of dung/farmyard manure as farm input to improve soil fertility so that crop production could be improved for food sustainability. Additionally, respondents (53%) suggested diversification of income in order to reduce the vulnerability of the households during food shortage periods. There was need for mitigation measures so that subsistence farmers of East Alego location could be able to integrate livestock and crop husbandry practices for food sustainability.

Keywords: Subsistence Farming, Food Sustainability, Diversification, Intensification, Livestock Keeping.

Abstract: The experiment conducted at Mahamaya College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Ambedkarnagar (U.P.).The pump tested for analysis performance is equipped with 2HP three phase induction electric motor with 1440rpm.The discharge was measured with stop watch having 1/100sec. least count. The pump was tested for three different speed of 242 rpm, 285 rpm and 344 rpm with five different pressure are 1.5 kg/ cm2, 5.7 kg/cm2,10.3kg/cm2, 15kg/cm2 and 24kg/cm .A pressure gauge having capacity 0-35kg/cm was used to record all pipe pressure used for this testing. The pulley with minimum diameter 6.25cm was fitted in motor shaft a V(twin) belt the electric connection was energized. The result based on the experimental observation revealed that the efficiency increased when pressure is increased. At speed 344 rpm the efficiency is observed 90% and at same speed the volumetric efficiency is 77%for lowest pressure 1.5kg/cm and volumetric efficiency is 95% for highest pressure 24kg/cm2.The pressure and average discharge indicate that as pressure increases the discharge increases and which almost linear. Index Terms - Discharge, Efficiency, Volumetric efficiency, Pressure, rpm, Static head and Pressure head

Abstract: The paper is dedicated to Pele (Fig.0) the revered Goddess of Earthquakes and Volcanoes and begins with a historical account of convection. The magma chamber as a general topic has been extensively discussed. Beginning with ordinary convection, the author has considered the paths of convection of magma in the magma chamber by comparing them with paths traced out by pendulums both having relation with rotation of Earth. It is shown graphically that the convective motion of magma in the chamber is periodic. The Rayleigh number for magma in the chamber has been worked out from first principles. Computerized pictures of convective motion for various Rayleigh numbers are shown the higher numbers referring to convective vigor. The state of magma convection in the chamber due to the composition of many periodic motions is compared with magma turbulence in the chamber; Magma just entering the conduit before the process of magma wagging; Frequency of magma wagging obtained by eminent geophysicists, David Bercovici and Mark Jellinek is given without derivation. The eruption is shown at resonance. The main paper ends with a conclusion. Unlike other research papers, the author at the end has added an "Epilogue" wherein few photographs of the author's visit to Geological Institutions and related subjects in US are shown. As this research paper is prepared during the global outbreak of the Corona Virus, the author has made the final end of the paper by adding a write-up looking like a Poem based on Physics on the deadly Virus. Key Words Main Paper: Convection, Convective vigor, Double Pendulum, Electrically-operated Tuning Fork, Eruption, Faucault's Pendulum, Forced Oscillations, Magma Chamber, Magma Turbulence, Magma Wagging, Magma Wagging Frequency, Pele (Goddess of Earthquakes and Volcanoes), Pendulums, Periodic Motion, Rayleigh number, Rayleigh Benard Convection, Rayleigh Benard Convection Cells, Resonance, Rotation of Earth. Epilogue: Calpine Geothermal Power Station, Laboratory for the Geophysical Sciences at University of Chicago, Poem on Corona Virus, Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin bust at University of Chicago, Volcano Lassen Peak, Volcano Mount Shastha. Philosophy "The Idea that Mathematics is the rightful interpreter of Nature originated with the Pythagoreans and doubtless with Pythagoras himself." Sir Edmund Whittaker [5] Dedication: This Research Paper is dedicated to Goddess Pele (Fig.0) [7] the revered Goddess of Volcanoes, Earthquakes and the creator of the Hawaii Islands in the Pacific of the US

Abstract: Underground cables are prone to a wide variety of faults due to underground conditions, wear and tear, rodents etc. Diagnosing fault source is difficult and entire cable should be taken out from the ground to check and fix faults. The project work is intended to detect the fault in underground cable lines from the base station to another substation using a Microcontroller. To locate a fault in the cable, the cable must be tested for faults and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known distance between two substations. In case of fault, the voltage drops and changes accordingly, which is then fed to a programmed microcontroller IC that further displays on IoT fault. IoT is used to display the information over Internet using the Wi-Fi module ESP8266. A webpage is created using HTML coding and the information about occurrence of fault is displayed in a webpage or also can use android application for same. For the real worldwide operated voltage distribution lines underground cables have been used from many years. In order to reduce the sensitivity of distribution networks to environmental influences underground voltage cables are highly used. Underground cables have been widely used in power distribution networks due to the advantages of underground connection. Underground cable system is a common practice followed in urban areas. While a fault occurs due to many reasons in the cable, at a time of removing or repairing process, there is difficulty in locating also nearby location of the fault. The system proposed in this project is used to find out the sub area location of the fault and display it to the dedicated application over internet using Wi-Fi module.

Keywords: HTML, IoT, Microcontroller, Wi-Fi.

Abstract: Agricultural sector play a significant role in economic development of any country. Adequate and timely credit to farmers is essential for agricultural development. Cooperative banking structure has a unique position in the rural credit delivery system in India where about 60 percent of its population residing in rural areas. The rural and agricultural sector remained somewhat neglected since the liberation and globalization policy of the government. Though significant efforts have been made by commercial and rural banks but cooperative banks still continue to enjoy an important place in the rural credit scenario of the country. The rural people need lot of services in daily life which can be met by village cooperative societies. But, now-a-days customers require latest services for which cooperative banks are far behind to other banks. Cooperatives can play an active role in the developing countries like India in the era of globalization. In this paper, an attempt has been made to identify the general sentiments, challenges and opportunities for cooperative banking in India.

Keywords: Agricultural Credit, Cooperatives, Farmers, Farm loans.

Abstract: Burfi is among one of the traditional Indian dairy products, which is very popular all over India. It has been proved very successful for continuous manufacture of Khoa and Basundi in three stage scraped surface heat exchanger. Burfi was manufactured by adding sugar directly into preheated milk by varying scraper speed all three stages. The performance was evaluated in terms of quality of Burfi manufactured. The quality of Burfi was evaluated in terms of sensory evaluation by the panel of judges. Effect of scraper speed on the quality of Burfi was checked in different 27 scraper speed combinations. Scraper rpm of first, second and third stage 150, 150 and 15 respectively found the best.

Keywords: Burfi, SSHE, Sensory evaluation, scraper speed

Abstract: The amount of plastic waste in oceans is likely to surpass the number of fish in the ocean by 2050. Hence, it is important to replace plastic with safer alternatives such as 'Bioplastics', which are biocompatible and biodegradable. Bioplastics are polymers obtained from natural renewable sources. These biodegradable polymers have wide applications in the food packaging, automobile, and biomedical industries. Many companies are investing in the research and development of more efficient bioplastics. The market trends for bioplastics are increasing due to environmental and economic reasons. This review focuses on the types of bioplastics, their composition and current applications in the market. Various advantages as well as their challenges are discussed further for their potential research and to promote their sustainability.

Keywords: Bioplastics, biodegradability, PHA, PHB, PLA.

Abstract: This article aims to review the major crashworthiness studies performed on foam filled thin walled structures. Crashworthiness studies are focused to enhancement in energy absorption, simplify the production processes, reduction in weight and material usage. The crashworthiness studies of foam filled tubes are carried out with various shapes such as square, circular, honeycomb etc., amount of foam filled, functionally graded components and materials like aluminium, steels, and composite materials also used. The experimental analyses were done in various loading conditions like quasi-static and dynamic loading. By the process of deformation, the energy absorption parameters of thin-walled structures are analyzed by many of scholars through various methods such as experimental, numerical, simulation and different optimization techniques. In automotive sector most of the crashworthiness research findings are adopted gradually. These types of efforts are very useful to identify the research gaps in the field of crashworthiness studies for future investigation.

Keywords: Crashworthiness, energy absorption, foam filled thin walled structures, functionally-graded components.

Abstract: Gandhi's concept of education included manual work as a means to make education inclusive. This paper deals with Mahatma Gandhi's Vision on Education, his thoughts on science and technology, apart from use of scientific method of exploration of truth and wisdom. It also clearly explains how appropriate technology / low cost technology can be used for creation of employment and use of indigenous methods for safe guarding the quality of life and protecting environment. His aim was to create an independent India made up of autonomous village communities to survive. Gandhi's ideas, which emerged out of an 'Indic' meta-cultural background, are based on an emphasis on equity. Gandhi valued self-sufficiency and autonomy by using appropriate technology for development by not devastating the local manpower resources, thereby, achieving Gram Swaraj.

Keywords: Education through Crafts, Appropriate Technology, Satyagrahi Scientist, Gram Swaraj.

Abstract: Integral transforms play very important role in solving differential and integral transforms. Many researchers had developed lot of integral transforms. So, It is essential to know the relationship between these double integral transforms. Dualities between some useful double integral transforms are discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Differential Equations, Integral transforms, Laplace transform, Elzaki transform, Kamal transform, Mohand transform, Mahgoub transform, Sumudu transform, Sawi transform.

Abstract: Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), also termed as Knopvelsiekte or Neethling is a highly infectious, eruptive, occasionally fatal vector born disease of cattle caused by a virus of the family Poxviridae under the genus Capripox virus. The causative agent of the disease seems to be spread mainly by arthropod vectors, including biting flies, midges, mosquitoes, ticks and various insects. In addition to vectors, transmission through consumption of contaminated feed or water, direct contact with infected animals and also through natural mating or artificial insemination has been reported. Clinical signs of the disease are characterized by enlarged lymph nodes, oedema of the skin and legs, multiple nodules on the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs followed by eruption of nodules, fever, emaciation, and sometimes death. Although the mortality rate of the disease is generally low but the various factors like, highly contagious nature, carrier status in convalescent animals and substantial economic losses due to permanent damage to hides, the prolonged debilitating effect especially in severely affected animals with consequent losses resulting from reduced weight gain, temporary or permanent cessation of milk production as a result of mastitis, temporary or permanent infertility or even sterility in bulls as a consequence of orchitis, and abortion in approximately 10% of infected pregnant cows, reduction in meat and milk yields make it a disease of major concern. Moreover indirect losses stem from restrictions on cattle movements and trade. Till now no clinically approved vaccine is available in India for this disease. However, as the cattle become infective before appearance of clinical lesions on the skin, slaughter of clinical cases has not been very effective in preventing the spread of disease. Quarantine, movement control, dipping and spraying of cattle with insecticides and spraying of farm buildings have been found to limit the spread of infection up to certain extent.

Keywords: Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), Knopvelsiekte, Neethling, vector born, multiple nodules, abortion, quarantine

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained worldwide awareness in recent years. WSN technology becomes popular in all areas of applications along with military, medical, process and electronic industries due to its easy implementation and maintenance. Wireless sensor network (WSN) represents a collection of wireless sensor nodes that coordinate with each other in order to perform a particular task. Localization is the process of finding the position of nodes as data and information are ineffectual if the nodes have no idea of their geographical positions. In this paper, a survey on various aspects or techniques of localization like localization error, parameters of localization, accuracy, bit error probability, energy consumption has been studied.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Localization, Multidimensional Scaling.

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are commonly composed of a great number of randomly deployed nodes that communicate among themselves and gather information about the environment. Localization has been a major challenge in such networks because without discovering the location of the sensor that is informing sensed data, the informed data will not be useful. Localization algorithm is a vital and challenging topic in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), especially for the applications requiring the accurate position of the sensed information. Many localization algorithms have been suggested and can be categorized into two families: range-based and range-free algorithms. Many applications require the sensor nodes to know their locations with a high degree of precision. Several localization methods based on mobile anchor nodes have been proposed for assisting the sensor nodes to determine their locations. However, none of these methods attempt to optimize the trajectory of the mobile anchor node. Accordingly, this work presents a path planning scheme, which optimizes the trajectory of the mobile anchor node minimizes the localization error and guarantees that all of the sensor nodes can determine their locations. To overcome the problem of node failure and link breakage, we will use redeployment of sensor nodes and used the mobile anchors to localize the nodes. The movement of mobile anchor nodes is like that it moves in the grids in a zigzag pattern such that it can efficiently cover the entire sensor field. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a set of sensor nodes connected to each other via wireless links, some node are anchor node and some are unknown which are simulated on the MATLAB. In order to verify performance of our proposed algorithm against other algorithms viz. DV-Hop, simulations are conducted on MATLAB. DV-Hop is one of the range-free localization algorithms utilizing hop-distance estimation. The simulations of algorithms are randomly run many times for each result and the average values were used as final results. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed algorithm is superior to that of the DV-Hop algorithm.

Keywords: Anchor node, Improved DV-HOP algorithm, Localization, MATLAB, Wireless sensor networks

Abstract: Fuzzy Classifiers are an powerful class of fuzzy systems. Evolving fuzzy classifiers from numerical data has assumed lot of remarks in the recent past. This paper proposes a method of evolving fuzzy classifiers using a three-step technique. In the first step, a modified Fuzzy C-Means Clustering technique is applied to generate membership functions. In the next step, rule base are generated using cuckoo search algorithm. The third step was used to reduce the size of the generated rule base. By this method rule explosion issue was successfully tackled. The proposed method was applied using MATLAB. The approach was tested on a very well-known multi-dimensional classification data sets i.e. Iris Data. The performance of the proposed method was very encouraging. Further the algorithm is implemented on a Mamdani type control model for a battery charger data set. This integrated approach was able to evolve model quickly.

Keywords: Rule Base, Fuzzy C, CSA.

Abstract: It is a proven fact now that fuzzy logic is a powerful problem-solving methodology with wide range of applications in industrial control, consumer electronics, management, medicine, expert systems and information technology. It provides a simple way to draw definite conclusions from vague, ambiguous or imprecise and incomplete information. It is a natural way of making a decision and is very close to the way the human beings think and make decisions even under highly uncertain environments. Fuzzy Classifiers are powerful class of fuzzy systems. Evolving fuzzy classifiers from numerical data has assumed lot of remarks in the recent past. This paper proposes a method of evolving fuzzy classifiers using a three-step technique. In the first step, a modified Fuzzy C-Means Clustering technique is applied to generate membership functions. In the next step, rule base is generated using cuckoo search algorithm. The third step was used to reduce the size of the generated rule base. By this method rule explosion issue was successfully tackled. The proposed method was applied using MATLAB. The approach was tested on a very well-known multi-dimensional classification data sets i.e. Iris Data. The performance of the proposed method was very encouraging. Further the algorithm is implemented on a Mamdani type control model for a battery charger data set. This integrated approach was able to evolve model quickly.

Keywords: Fuzzy Rules, Mamdani Control Model, Cuckoo Algorithm.

Abstract: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) play an important role in future car-to-car communication systems and related applications like Self-Organizing Traffic Information Systems (SOTIS), which are based on broadcast/geocast transmission schemes. Congestion control for VANETs has not been studied thoroughly so far - but this feature will be extremely necessary for VANET applications and network performance. Due to the high mobility and the resulting highly dynamic network topology, congestion control will need to be performed in a decentralized and self-organized way, locally in each VANET node. This paper presents a novel concept for utility-based congestion control and packet forwarding in VANETs. The control algorithm uses an application-specific utility function and encodes the quantitative utility information in each transmitted data packet in a transparent way for all users within a local environment. A decentralized algorithm then calculates the "average utility value" of each individual node based on the utility of its data packets and assigns a share of the available data rate proportional to the relative priority.

Keywords: VANET, MANET, Congestion Control.

Abstract: Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) is growing as an enormous technology in wireless network that making communication possible between vehicles. VANET consists of vehicles, GPS, road side units, radio transceivers and internet connection. It attracts lots of researchers and industries towards itself due to its application in road safety, traffic control management and entertainment. United State Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated 75MHz of bandwidth spectrum in 5.9 GHz band. VANET is a part of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). To provide a reliable and safe communication between the vehicles with minimum delay an efficient MAC protocol is required. Many of existing MAC protocols for VANETs are not efficient. Currently VANET is working on contention-based scheme IEEE 802.11p. Contention based MAC protocols are not suitable for VANET environment due to high collision rate of messages and delay in delivery to receiving node. The contention free MAC protocols for challenging environment of VANET. The major reason for this research area is to provide safety to the vehicles and human lives. Safety messages and related information should reach at its destination with minimum latency and collision. Millions of people lost their life due to road accidents in the world. To provide safety on the road with increased vehicular traffic, smart vehicles which can communicate with other vehicles and RSUs are required to prevent accidents. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) provides this flexibility to the vehicles, but VANET are not just limited to road safety, it can be used for comfort and entertainment purposes as well. Slot assignment technique to vehicles to send the safety messages plays an important role in safety in VANET but it also poses a major challenge. Self-sorting-based MAC convention is proposed to enhance the execution of wellbeing application in high congestion (VANETs). In this gradient descent algorithm is used for the optimized queue resources. During used slot of a queue handshakes for service application are also transferred through the queue members.

Keywords: VANET, MANET, Congestion Control.

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading etiological agents of causing severe skin infections including bacteremia, cellulitis, and different kind of infections. This study was performed to check the drug susceptibility patterns of the phenotypically characterized S. aureus isolates collected from some popular diagnostic centers of Dhaka city. A total of 175 non-duplicate isolates were collected from various patients having different age groups and gender. The microorganisms obtained from diverse specimens (i.e. blood, urine, pus, sputum, ear, breast, nipple, catheter, tracheal aspirate) were identified by several phenotypic and biochemical tests. Antibiotic resistance patterns for 22 different antibiotics were evaluated by the Agar-disc-diffusion method to understand antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. Out of 175, a total of 110 samples were identified as S. aureus isolates. The female patients (58%) were likely to be more susceptible to staphylococcal infection than their male counterparts (42%). Of the 110 isolates, most of them were identified as Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR). The highest resistance was recorded against Cefixime (100%), Azithromycin (83.7%), Ciprofloxacin (71%), Levofloxacin (63.6%), and Ceftriaxone (61.8%). Resistance levels of S. aureus against other antibiotics were also worrisome. This study highlighted the need for frequent surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus with a view of selecting accurate antibiotic therapy in order to avoid the development of drug resistance. However, molecular studies are recommended for developing our current findings.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Skin infections, Multidrug-resistant, Therapy.

Abstract: Oral health is a part of general health. Oral health also influences the quality of life. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the common diseases in populations. These diseases are highly irreversible, once occur and also have complex etiology. Although primary preventive techniques exist to total protection. A Descriptive study to access the awareness regarding oral hygiene and prevalence of oral problems among school children at selected school, Mohali, Punjab. Assess the awareness regarding oral hygiene, describe prevalence of oral problems, determine the association between awareness regarding oral hygiene and prevalence of oral problems, find out the association between awareness and prevalence with selected sociodemographic variable. Qualitative approach and descriptive research design is adopted in this study. The study was conducted at BSF, Arya Senior Secondary School, Sohana, Mohali (Punjab). Target population was school children. Study was conducted on 150 school children; sampling technique adapted to this study is purposive sampling technique. Structured questioner and check list were prepared. Tools were validated by various concerned experts before application. The result was interpreted as follows. According to sociodemographic variable the age of 12 years 20% (30) 13 years 44 % (66) 14 years 36% (54), class 7th 20% (30), 8th class 44% (66) 9th 36% (54) sex of the child male 100% female 0%, education of father, illiterate 0%, middle 8% (12), Matric 41% (62), Senior Secondary 41% (62) graduate and above 9% (14). In the present study 150 students participated. The findings of the study revealed that majority of school children show moderate level of awareness about oral hygiene and prevalence of oral problems.

Keywords: Assess, Awareness, Prevalence, Dental Problems, Oral Hygiene.

Abstract: Accidents remain a major health problem for children of all ages, in spite of attempts at prevention by industry, health workers, educators, and legislation. In order of decreasing frequency, serious pediatric accidents include moving- vehicle accidents, water-related accidents, burns, poisonings, and falls. Their cause, severity, and prevention will be considered, with future challenge. WHO: Shape healthy environments for children-the feature of life WHO Health Day -7 April 2003. One study that deals with the reported and observed practices of mothers of children 0 to 3 years old [n = 357] in relation to injury prevention. Prevention practices for falls, poisonings, burns, suffocation, electrocution, and drowning and car safety were studied following a developmental approach. At both ages unsafe behavior conducive to suffocation, scalds and car safety were reported in relatively higher frequency than for other causes of injury. A Study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding knowledge and practice of mothers on prevention of accidents among toddlers in selected urban community area Bangalore. Assess the knowledge and practices of mothers regarding prevention of accidents among toddlers, find out the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding knowledge and practice of mothers on prevention of accidents among toddlers, determine the association between the selected demographic variables with knowledge and practice score of mothers regarding prevention of accidents among toddlers. Evaluative approach and one group pre test post test pre experimental design was selected for the study. The study was conducted in Rupena Agrahara Area, Bommanahalli, in Bangalore. The population of the study was mothers of toddlers in selected urban community area at Bangalore. Content validity of the tool was obtained from seven experts and the reliability of the tool was r=0.92. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 40 mothers of toddlers. A structured interview schedule was used to know the knowledge of mothers regarding prevention of accidents. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted in terms of objectives and hypotheses of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics in term of frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation and chi-square test. The study findings revealed that in the pre test score the mothers have less knowledge score in all aspects the mean percentage in the pre test score is 31.67% with S.D. 2.6. in the post test score the mothers gained knowledge with the mean percentage of 73.33% with S.D. 2.6. The study revealed that there was an enhancement of the knowledge score in the post test. This indicates that the structured teaching program is effective in enhancing the knowledge and practice of the mothers regarding prevention of accidents among toddlers. On the basis of findings, it is recommended that a similar study may be replicated issuing a large number of respondents. It is also recommended that the other methods of teaching with frequent reinforcement be implemented for improving the knowledge and practice of mothers regarding prevention of accidents among toddlers and well-educated mothers could be expected to reduce the mortality and morbidity among toddlers.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Structured Teaching Program, Knowledge, practice, prevention, accidents, toddlers.

Abstract: We know the disposal of plastic waste is very serious issue all over the world. But for India it is more serious than any other country. Because we have 1.3 billion people and we are also a developing country. Plastic need is increases day by day in India. And as we know we don't have proper plastic waste management and when the demand of plastic is going to increase. For this we have to adopt some smart technique to get rid of this problem. Best way to deal with this problem is we can use plastic in our road construction. It can help us for enhance the properties of roads and deal with various road problems like rutting, corrugation, pot holes. In this method we first shred the plastic waste and coated over the aggregate & mix with bitumen.

Keywords: Plastic, Aggregate, Bitumen, Waste Management.

Abstract: The term Academic Achievement means academic abilities of a person shown in his work place and performance itself. It refers to scholastic aspects of the teacher educator and teacher at the end of educational program. The research study was undertaken to study the Academic Achievement of B.Ed. teacher trainees. The investigator has collected the data from 690 student teachers by stratified random sampling method. Academic Achievement i.e. marks of I and II semester was collected from the college administration and concerned teachers. The data collected was analysed by using mean, SD, mean ± 1 SD, percentage analysis and t-test. The study shows that, out of 690 B.Ed. teacher trainees, 81.16% (560) teacher trainees are with moderate level of academic achievement followed by 10.29% (71) teacher trainees with low level of academic achievement and the remaining 8.55% (59) teacher trainee's exhibit high level of academic achievement; the variable 'gender' has not significantly influenced the academic achievement of B.Ed. teacher trainees; and the variable age group has significantly influenced the academic achievement. Further, it is observed that lower the age group, higher will be the academic achievement of B.Ed. teacher trainees.

Keywords: Academic Achievement, Gender, Age Group and B.Ed. Teacher trainees.

Abstract: Systematic field investigations were conducted at few Lakes amidst Mysore during September, 2019 to March, 2020 to record the water birds status by following standard methods. Total 33 water bird species were recorded, which belong to 10 orders and 15 families at five Lakes and their relative abundance varied considerably. Painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala), northern Shoveler (Spaula clypeata) and little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) population were high compared to other species. Among water birds, 23 amphibious and 10 aquatic species were recorded. Of all, 17 species were resident birds, nine species were migratory species and seven species were local migrants. Further, feeding habits of these birds varied considerably. There were 24 species carnivorous and nine species omnivorous in their feeding habits. Furthermore, nesting activities of these water birds occurred during different seasons. Surprisingly, most of the Lakes were facing threats due to various man-made activities and 13 threats were common at different Lakes, required mitigation. Total, 20 mitigation measures are suggested, which are very much required to maintain and manage the normal conditions of these lakes amidst urban area.

Keywords: Urban Area, Water Birds, Status, Mitigation Measures.

Abstract: In present day to day life increase in population due to ill-literates, old ideology results in increase of automobiles usage on pavements. This increase in automobile usage leads to traffic density on roads and causes to environmental effect (air, sound, noise pollution). This environmental effect increases the global warming. Due to global warming we are facing different problems such as temperature changes, climatic conditions etc. To reduce the environmental effect and control usage of conventional sources like coal, oil we are designing kinetic roads that harvest the kinetic energy by movement of vehicles is converts into electrical energy through speed breakers as power hump. Kinetic roads are a design used to generate electricity and overcome different drawbacks such as, increase in population leads to land occupation and reduces the agricultural land, as the automobiles usage is high on roads then the fuel consumption is high. Due to this fuel consumption the toxic released in to atmosphere are high which cause environmental effects. The fuel usage is done continuously the fuel get depleted because the fuel is a non-renewable source. While moving, vehicle possesses kinetic energy and that is being wasted. There is a possibility of lapping the wasted kinetic energy and generating power by making the speed breaker as power generating unit. The unit is capable of producing electricity using kinetic energy of vehicles passing over the speed breakers with the help of rack and pinion arrangement beneath it, the generated power is stored in a battery and transferred to inverter for use. The study of power generating is based on variation in speed & load of vehicle in different situations. Rack and pinion arrangement can be employed in speed breakers where traffic intensity is very high such as malls, multiplexes etc. The generation of power is based on traffic density. As the traffic density is very high the output power generate is high and the generated power is used mainly for street lights, on road battery charging units and many domestic applications like lighting, air conditioning etc.

Keywords: Population, automobiles, conventional, generation, rack and pinion etc

Abstract: Pedestrian crossing is a very important component of transportation infrastructures that serves to secure pedestrians and their life, possessions and keep traffic flow in a designated manner. It is a distinguished feature within the street scene that the detection of crossing of pedestrian contributed to the invention of 3D road marking reconstruction and decreasing the adverse impact of outliers in 3D street scene reconstruction. Since the crossing of pedestrian is subject to wear and tear from serious and high traffic flow, it's of nice imperative to observe its standing and its present level. So, crossing of pedestrian detection and analysis system with high recall rate, preciseness and strength are going to be achieved adopting the automated raising crossing. This technique works for crossing detection below completely different things and light-weight conditions. Hence acknowledge defiled and impaired crossings mechanically within the meantime that facilitates observation and maintenance of traffic facilities, to cut back potential traffic safety issues and secure lives and property. In the current project, it is co related to the pedestrian safety and the way will we tend to scale back the pedestrian accidents. So, to extend the pedestrian safety and to cut back the concern of crossing the pavements throughout the traffic flow, we tend to came up with a concept of automatic raised pedestrian crossover that works with the facility generated from the moving vehicle by kinetic speed breakers & star panels for operating.

Keywords: Pedestrian, crossing, safety, traffic, investigation, kinetic speed breakers.

Abstract: Permeable concrete is also known as porous concrete with excessive water permeability that allows water to flow via without problems via the present interlinked huge pore shape. This study reviews the consequences of an investigation for the improvement of permeable concrete. Figuring out the void content, compressive strength after 7 days and 28 days & water permeability beneath falling head the properties of the permeable concrete has been analysed. Reduction in the most appropriate combination of sizes is 10mm to 5mm and 3mm to 5mm the compressive strength of permeable concrete increases. The relation among porosity and compressive strength of 28 days for permeable concrete was badly influenced because of the usage of recycled aggregate concrete rather than of normal aggregate. Though, the binder substances type, age, combination size and take a look at specimen shape had an average impact on the porosity-strength courting. The outcomes additionally confirmed that the permeable concrete has water permeability is mostly because of the porosity and no longer suffering from the use of recycled aggregate to natural aggregate. Observed inter-relationships evolved among compressive strength, porosity and water permeability is used in the mix proportioning of permeable concrete by natural and recycled coarse aggregate to satisfy the requirements of compressive strength and water permeability.

Keywords: Permeability, Permeable Concrete, Recycled Concrete Aggregate, Porosity, Mix Design and Strength.

Abstract: Agriculture is one of the important part in almost every country. Sector of agriculture supports various outputs such as economical boost, food, employment and raw material for industry. In the field of agriculture and development, the fertilizer industry plays an important role. Farmers are not receiving the fertilizers in the time when they required and even in the sufficient manner. To overcome this, farmers pre-order the fertilizer to the company based on retailers. Presence of increasing the proper fertilizer distribution system which is in effectively and efficiency. Along with this, farmers will get crop recommendation for the particular soil using Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), and Potassium (K) npk values of soil. Almost every farmer facing most problems in the agriculture, but one of the important problem is Yield prediction. And each farmer is very interested and eager to know how much crops they can grow in their field. The system comes with a model that farmers can reach sufficient fertilizers and farmers can also get the information about the crop recommendation based on npk values and yield prediction based on soil sample, area. This will help to farmers to increase their profit. By using some of the techniques for distribution of fertilizers, farmers can gain benefit for understanding and knowing of agriculture things.

Keywords: Soil sample, crop recommendation, fertilizer distribution, Crop prediction.

Abstract: The aquatic avifauna plays a crucial role in maintaining the intricate balance between biotic and abiotic components in various water habitats. Several bird species exclusively depend on seasonal or perennial water bodies for their normal survival and help keep the healthy status of water habitats in and around urban ecosystem. In this regard, present investigation was conducted systematically at five Lakes in and around Mysore during 2019-2020 by following standard methods. Total 33 aquatic bird species, which belong to 16 families of 10 orders in class Aves, were recorded. The distribution, population density and percent occurrence of aquatic avifauna indicated considerable variation. However, analysis of variance of aquatic avifauna found at different Lakes didn't show significant variation (F=1.010; P<0.05) but, the diversity indices indicated considerable difference between the Lakes in and around Mysore. The dominance ('D') index of aquatic avifauna was ranged between 0.112 and 0.331, the Shannon diversity ('H') index ranged between 1.860 and 2.515 and the Fisher alpha value ranged between 3.247 and 4.424 at different Lakes. Moreover, Simpson 'J' (Equitability) index of aquatic avifauna was 0.669 to 0.887, suggesting unevenness between the Lakes. Further, the Sorenson's (ß diversity) index value of aquatic avifauna was minimum 0.424 to maximum 0.800 and indicated considerable variation existed between the Lakes. The reason for this variation in species composition and variance needs to be attended critically to understand the prevailed conditions of these Lakes. However, Lakes are vital components of urban ecosystem; acts like lungs of local environment and their preservation help conserve aquatic avifaunal diversity amidst urban ecosystem. At this juncture, periodic assessment of local avifaunal diversity would help understand the existing constraints if any, faced by the avifauna and their water habitats. It requires in depth investigations and results of such observations are published elsewhere.

Keywords: Aquatic avifauna, Diversity, Lakes, Urban Environment, Mysore.

Abstract: Concrete is a widely used construction material. Cement in concrete during manufacture emits more amount of CO2 into atmosphere. Hence in order to reduce the consumption of cement industrial by products can be utilized in concrete. Bagasse ash is an ash generated from co-generation plant in a sugar industry. Disposal of Bagasse ash concrete creates many problems so it can be partially replaced for cement. Also, it possess pozzolanic properties. Structures constructed in seismic zone need special attention. Utilization of fibre in concrete improve the ductility of concrete. Attempt has been made to study the mechanical properties of concrete using hybrid fibres and Bagasse ash. Both Natural Fibre (sisal) and artificial Fibre (Polypropylene) are combined and utilized in concrete along with Bagasse ash. M20 mix design were carried out. Proportion of Bagasse ash (10%) and Polypropylene fibre (0.5%) are Kept constant and sisal fibre is varied in different proportion (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%) respectively. Mechanical properties such as Compressive strength, split tensile Strength and Flexural Strength are Studied. 10% Bagasse ash, 0.5% polypropylene fibre and 0.2 % Sisal fibre is found to be optimum.

Keywords: Bagasse Ash, Polypropylene Fibre, Sisal Fibre, Fibre Reinforced Concrete.

Abstract: Increasing demand to provision real-time smart application services has led many organization to collect data continuously. As a result has led to huge amount of size. MapReduce is the preferred framework to process massive data. Hadoop is a widely used MapReduce framework across community due to its open source nature. Cloud service provider such as Microsoft azure HDInsight offers resources to its customer and only pays for their use. Minimizing execution time on such platform is most desired. This work present a novel makespan model for Hadoop MapReduce framework namely OHMR (Optimized Hadoop MapReduce) to process data in real-time and utilize system resource efficiently. The OHMR present accurate model to compute job makespan time and also present a model to provision the amount of cloud resource required to meet task deadline. Experiment are conducted on Microsoft Azure HDInsight cloud platform considering bioinformatics application to evaluate performance of OHMR of over existing model shows significant performance improvement in terms of computation time. Experiment are conducted on Microsoft Azure HDInsight cloud. Overall good correlation is reported between practical makespan values and theoretical makespan values.

Keywords: Big data, Cloud computing, Hadoop, MapReduce, Parallel computing, Schedular.

Abstract: The current studies were based on the agricultural land used for cultivation and its changing scenario during the course of years. It reflects the change in land and geographical situation in agricultural practice, which are due to the factors like overused of chemical fertilizers, new settlements in the farms lands, industrialization, roads expansions etc. these all manmade activity caused the change in the traditional land area and shows changes in agro geographical area of the district.

Keywords: Agriculture, Land, Waste land, Cultivable Land, Dhule district and Geographical area.

Abstract: Query expansion is a process in information retrieval where the original user query is modified to improve search results. This can involve adding synonyms, related terms, or relevant terms to enhance the query's ability to retrieve relevant documents. Relevance feedback is a process in information retrieval where users provide feedback on the relevance of retrieved documents. The primary goal is to iteratively refine the search results based on user preferences, making the retrieval process more accurate and personalized.