VOLUME 2, ISSUE 5, MAY 2015

Abstract: Security that comes along with land tenure and property rights of the urban poor settlements has been a subject of discussion for many years. It is a well-known fact that the residents of these settlements may feel secured through different forms of tenure, ranging from statutory to customary arrangements. Perceived tenure is one such form or tenure typology, where the inhabitants feel secured despite the absence of legal tenure. In particular, most often this phenomenon can be found in the squatter settlements. However, understanding the degree of perceived security is not an easy task, as it depends on various contributing factors. This paper is a scholastic attempt to assess the impact of various identified context specific factors that contribute to the perceived security of tenure in squatter settlements. For this purpose, different generic notional typologies were reviewed. Based on the identified factors, two squatter settlements located in the hazardous areas in the Indian city of Vijayawada were studied. The case studies were carried out through documentation, mapping and response recording. A comparative analysis was done to assess their impact on the degree of perceived security through the Likert scale method. Further, these factors were classified into three categories i.e., low, medium and high. Based on their impact, a conceptual model for understanding the perceived security of tenure in squatter settlements was developed.

Keywords: Perceived tenure, tenure security, squatter settlements.

Abstract: Production of Biodiesel and optimization of transesterification process variables affecting biodiesel production is worthy of continued study because of its environmentally beneficial attributes and its renewable nature. Optimization of process variables will maximize biodiesel yield with effective reduction in production costs. The process variables affecting the yield and characteristics of biodiesel produced from Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata) vegetable oil were studied, the achieved results were analyzed and a set of recommendations proposed. From the obtained results, the best yield percentage was obtained using oil/methanol ratio (v/v) of 10:1, potassium hydroxide as catalyst 0.9% (w/v), reaction temperature of 660 C and reaction duration of 105minutes at stirring speed of 450 rpm. The yield percentage of biodiesel obtained was 91% under optimum conditions. From the results it was clear that the produced biodiesel fuel was within the recommended standards of biodiesel fuel.

Keywords: Biodiesel, vegetable oil, transesterification, optimization and quality assessment.

Abstract: Cloud computing is that the next generation of computation. Probably people will have everything they have on the cloud. Cloud computing provides resources to shopper on demand. The resources are also software package resources or hardware resources. Cloud computing architectures square measure distributed, parallel and serves the requirements of multiple purchasers in numerous situations. This distributed design deploys resources distributive to deliver services expeditiously to users in numerous geographical channels. Purchasers in a very distributed setting generate request haphazardly in any processor. Therefore the major disadvantage of this randomness is related to task assignment. The unequal task assignment to the processor creates imbalance i.e., a number of the processors square measure over laden and a few of them square measure beneath loaded. The target of load balancing is to transfer the load from over laden method to beneath loaded method transparently. Load balancing is one in all the central problems in cloud computing. To realize high performance, minimum interval and high resource utilization magnitude relation we want to transfer the tasks between nodes in cloud network. Load balancing technique is employed to distribute tasks from over loaded nodes to beneath loaded or idle nodes. In following sections we tend to square measure discuss concerning cloud computing, load balancing techniques and also the planned work of our load balancing system.Proposed load balancing algorithm is simulated on Cloud Analyst toolkit. Performance is analyzed on the parameters of overall response time, data transfer, average data center servicing time and total cost of usage. Results are compared with three existing load balancing algorithms namely Round Robin, Equally Spread Current Execution Load, and Throttled. Results on the basis of case studies performed shows more data transfer with minimum response time.

Keywords: Cloud Computing; Load balancing; Load balancing Algorithms; IaaS.

Abstract: The buckling analysis of single layered orthotropic and cross ply laminated composite plate using trigonometric higher order shear deformation theory and meshless method based on the finite point formulation using multiquadric radial basis function is presented. The convergence of the present method is studied for laminated plates with different shape parameters. After the proper convergence of present method several numerical examples of plates subjected to uniaxial and biaxial loading are under taken. The effect of an anisotropy ratio of material on critical buckling load of the plates is also reported with proper validation of present results with earlier published literature.

Keywords: Composite plate, trigonometric theory, buckling, meshless method.

Abstract: Research and development where been carried out in the field of electric meter such as Remote wireless Energy measurement from Meter, Electricity meter based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID),Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) based Electric Metering System. But none of found to be an effective tool to eliminate the problems associated with power demand. In this paper, we propose a solution is to solve the problems associated with maximum power demand by designing an energy meter that effectively handle the power consumed by the consumer with the power available on that time. Giving the flexibility to the consumer to determine which devices or loads to be operated in a particular time which reduces the misuse of the power and effective power saved can be given to other places or industries for the better of the country's growth. Prototype hardware is developed to demonstrate the efficient of the system.

Keywords: Gsm modem,RFID.

Abstract: In this paper basically a low cost fire detection and control system based on smoke and heat detection is proposed. It is comprised of a combination of electrical/electronic devices/equipments working together to detect the presence of fire and alert people through audio or visual medium after detection. These alarms may be activated from smoke detectors or heat detectors which, when detects fire. Then, it automatically operates a relay which can be used to send Short Message Service (SMS) to the registered mobile numbers and switch on a water sprayer or a Solenoid Pump to spray water or fire ceasing foam.

Keywords: Fire Detection, Audio or Visual Medium, Relay, Short Message Service (SMS), Solenoid Pump.

Abstract: Ultrafine Grain Materials are known for their extraordinary Mechanical Properties. Severe plastic deformation of materials produces ultrafine grains in Materials. Various Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) techniques have been developed to produce bulk UFG material having homogenized and equiaxed structure .The extensively used SPD techniques are Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), High pressure torsion (HPT), Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and Multi axial forging (MAF).Various Aluminium, Magnesium and copper alloys have been converted so far to ultrafine grain material by using these techniques but there occurs a difference in shape and size of the samples obtained from each method . Refinement by SPD is based on the formation of dislocation cell or subgrains during large plastic strains and evolution of these cells into array of ultrafine grains separated by high angle boundry. This paper gives overview of the available technique along with parameters which influence these techniques. This paper also looks into the application of these techniques along with future challenges associated with techniques.

Keywords: UFG Material ,SPD Methods, ECAP, TE.

Abstract: The application areas of sensor network are diverse in nature, varying from heath monitoring, habitat monitoring, and industrial computing system. They are usually deployed where there is no human intervention. Example, in habitat monitoring the intervention on human may disturb the lifestyle of animals monitored, resulting in wrong interpretation of data. The sensors are battery operated and there is a need for efficient utilization of the resource. The battery utilization can vary with respect to application, network configuration, node deployment or routing algorithm considered. In this paper we do a survey of various routing techniques which aims at increasing the network lifetime by efficiently utilizing the battery resource.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor network, cluster, Tree based, Issues, Recommendation.

Abstract: In this study, an effect of welding parameters on the weld ability of mild steel specimen having dimensions 80mm x 50mm x 6 mm, which is welded by Metal arc welding, butt joint, is investigated. The current and voltage are considered as welding parameters. The effect of welding parameters is investigated on depth of penetration and Heat input which are considered as output parameters of welding.

Keywords: Mild steel, Arc welding, Welding current, welding voltage, Welding speed, Depth of penetration, Heat input.

Abstract: Estimating testability near the beginning in the software development process particularly at design stage is a criterion of key importance for software developers, designers, practitioners and quality controllers. As a matter of fact, researchers and practitioners highly advocated the need of an accurate and efficient measurement of software testability at design phase in development life cycle. There is a common understanding between academicians and industry professionals in incorporating testability in development life cycle in order to produce quality software. Unluckily, there is no standard guideline or methodology available to compute software testability. An endeavor has been put forth in this research paper to identify the testability key factors supporting in testability measurement especially at design phase of development life cycle. Study has identified the 'Understandability' and 'Modifiability' is the two major factors for measuring testability in design phase. Taking into account of their contribution in testability measurement a model has been developed to quantify object oriented design testability. After that the developed model has been validated with the help of experimental test and justified by statistical measures.

Keywords: Software Testing, Testability, Quality, Object Oriented Characteristics, Testability Factors.

Abstract: In the field of analog VLSI design current mode devices have significantly gained importance. Current mode devices such as current conveyors have established their identity as the most demanding devices in the signal processing area due to their high bandwidth , greater linearity , larger dynamic range ,low power consumption , simple circuitry and occupy less chip area. The presented approach over here is to design current amplifiers and voltage amplifiers using current controlled current conveyor (CCCII). The second generation current controlled conveyor (CCCII) has the advantage of electronic adjustability over the CCII i.e. in CCCII; adjustment of the X-terminal intrinsic resistance via a bias current is possible. The CCCII has been designed to work both as current amplifier and voltage amplifier. Various simulations have been carried out to obtain the desired results. The outcomes show good results and an amplified waveform has been obtained in both the cases.

Keywords: Analog integrated circuits-current conveyor, Current controlled current conveyor (CCCII), Current amplifier, Voltage amplifier.

Abstract: Currently there has been an increasing focus on coastal floral community because of their carbon storing capacity. Although, the true mangrove species have been widely covered worldwide to highlight their stored and sequestered carbon in this natural carbon reservoir, very little species-wise data is available on carbon stored in tidal marsh vegetation which constitutes the mangrove associate floral community and is also an important component of blue carbon reservoir. Stored carbon in the Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Below Ground Biomass (BGB) of Suaeda maritima (a mangrove associate species) was estimated during April, 2015 at Frazergaunge and Bali island of Indian Sundarbans. Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) was also monitored simultaneously to evaluate the amount of carbon stored in the vegetation along with the associated soil. The Above Ground Carbon (AGC) and Below Ground Carbon (BGC) were relatively higher in Frazergaunge compared to Bali island, which may be attributed to relatively higher anthropogenic pressure in the former region.

Keywords: Carbon content, mangrove associate, Suaeda maritima, Indian Sundarbans.

Abstract: Traffic management and security issues have been a growing concern over the past years. License plate recognition technology has been growing in use and has been implemented in various ways. Vehicle identification, automatic collection of toll, theft prevention are some of the applications of license plate recognition technology. With the introduction of high security license plates various new security features have been introduced. We present an integrated method for localization and detection of high security license plates using morphological operations, CCA, and LVQ Neural Networks.

Keywords: License Plate Recognition, License Plate Detection, High Security Registration Plate, Morphological Operations, CCA, LVQ Neural Networks.

Abstract: A novel, compact and miniaturized tapered U slot printed monopole microstrip antenna is designed in this paper. The antenna is fed by a single 50? microstrip line with truncated ground plane and is excited by a coaxial Sub Miniature Version A (SMA) connector. The antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate of dielectric constant 4.4. The measured impedance bandwidth is 8.3GHz (i.e 3.3GHz to 11.6GHz) for Voltage standing wave ratio defined by VSWR

Keywords: UWB antennas; printed monopole antennas; VSWR; Gain; HFSS

Abstract: In this study effect of alpha prime (a') precipitate on the mechanical properties of thermally embrittled DSS has been investigated. Initially as received material was solutionized at 1070 ºC followed by water quenching in order to dissolve if any harmful precipitates were present. Then the samples were thermally embrittled by heating the samples at 475 ºC and water quenched for varying periods from 25 to 750 hours. Tensile and impact toughness tests were performed in order to evaluate the mechanical properties. Microstructure and fractured samples were examined by scanning electron microscope. Results showed that mechanical properties were significantly degraded when subjected to thermal ageing at 475 ºC which is one of the key limiting factor for the usage of Duplex stainless steels in power plants for long term applications. Mechanism behind475 embrittlement was also investigated in this study.

Keywords: Duplex stainless steel; ageing; embrittlement; tensile strength; ductility; impact toughness.

Abstract: Composites are materials consisting of two or more chemically distinct constituents, having a distinct interface separating them. One or more discontinuous phases are embedded in a continuous phase. The discontinuous phase is usually harder and stronger than the continuous phase and is called the reinforcement, whereas, the continuous phase is termed the matrix. Matrix can be metallic, polymeric or ceramic. When the matrix is a polymer, the composite is called polymer matrix composite. Fillers are widely used to improve the properties of matrix materials. The particle can be either randomly oriented or preferred oriented. In the present work CKP particles are reinforced in unsaturated PEEK resin. Nickelnephthalate as accelerator is mixed thoroughly in PEEK resin followed by cobalt acetate as hardener prior to reinforcement. The reinforcement improves the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength.

Keywords: Composite, matrix, reinforcement, CKP, PEEK.

Abstract: One of the important part of vehicle suspension is the shock absorber which is used to reduce shock impulse. Characteristics such as ride comfort and handling of a vehicle are mainly determined by the suspension system which transmits forces between vehicle and road. This paper deals with electromagnetic shock absorbers which is the future of suspension system. An electromagnetic shock absorber uses magnetic energy which can be actively controlled according to our requirement. In this case Magnetorheological fluid is used for controlled damping. Magnetorheological fluid is composed of nano magnetic particles which are suspended in a carrier fluid like oil. Magnetorheological fluid has the ability to change its viscosity according to the surrounding magnetic field. Like the traditional suspension systems, electromagnetic shock absorber also has no mechanical valves or small moving parts that can wear out.

Keywords: Electromagnetic shock absorber, suspension system, active control, Magnetorheological fluid.

Abstract: Picking clothes with complex patterns and colors is a challenging task for blind people. Due to rotation, scaling, huge intraclass pattern variations, automatic clothing pattern recognition is a challenging research problem. We have matured a camera-based model system that notice clothing patterns in four categories (horizontal, irregular, vertical and patternless) and identifies 11 clothing colors. The auditory guidance system integrates a microphone, camera, friendly ARM mini2440 and headphones for audio details of clothing colors and patterns. A camera is used to capture clothes patterns and colors. The clothing colors and patterns are described to blind users spoken. To notice clothing patterns, we propose an API (Appilcation Program Interface) to capture the image from camera and using this API we store to image. In this project we are using OpenCV library for capture the images. Thought such a system would support more independence in blind person's daily life.

Keywords: Auditory guidance, API, blind people, friendly ARM mini2440, OpenCV.

Abstract: In this paper, frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna is presented. In this design it makes use of three patches with different shapes in order to tune for multiple frequencies. The antenna design make use of micro strip feeding technique, PIN diode is used for switching between the patches to tune for different frequencies. The antenna is capable of resonating at a frequency of 6.2GHz, when no PIN diode is connected. When a PIN diode is connected between two patches it will generate a frequency of 5.6GHz and 2.2GHz. When all the three patches are connected it will reconfigure itself to generate a different frequency i.e., 3.4GHz. This antenna is simulated and measured results are used to demonstrate the performance of the antenna.

Keywords: Reconfigurability, PIN Diode, Microstrip Antenna, Circular Patch and HFSS.

Abstract: Various fall-detection solutions have been previously proposed to create a reliable surveillance system for elderly people with high requirements on accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. In this project, an enhanced fall detection system is proposed for elderly person monitoring that is based on smart sensors worn on the body and operating through consumer home networks. With treble thresholds, accidental falls can be detected in the home healthcare environment. By utilizing information gathered from an accelerometer, cardio tachometer and smart sensors, the impacts of falls can be logged and distinguished from normal daily activities. The proposed system has been deployed in a prototype system as detailed in this paper. From a test group of 30 healthy participants, it was found that the proposed fall detection system can achieve a high detection accuracy of 97.5%, while the sensitivity and specificity are 96.8% and 98.1% respectively. Therefore, this system can reliably be developed and deployed into a consumer product for use as an elderly person monitoring device with high accuracy and a low false positive rate.

Keywords: Fall Detection System, Elderly Monitoring, Heart Rate Fluctuation, ARM Microcontroller, GPS,GSM.

Abstract: Social network analysis aims at understanding the organization of a social network at various levels. This paper involves analysis of BigData related to social interaction among developers in Free and Open Source Software ecosystem. The analysis involves spotting influence, predicting future links and Clustering entities. The analysis was first made sequentially. However, as the size of the data kept increasing sequential computing was inefficient. In this paper, the analysis has been taken forward in parallel implementation on multi-node Hadoop cluster to improve computation time. Effective performance benefits have been achieved by considering the terms that affect the performance.

Keywords: Influence, Link Prediction, Proximity measure, Spanning Tree, Clique, Purity.

Abstract: Almost all governments in the world nowadays are implementing e-government for the purpose of costs reducing, services improving, time saving and increasing effectiveness and efficiency in all sectors of the government. That is why e-government became one of the primary target for Saudi government and all its agencies. This paper will discuss the main strategies and their impact on economic development of the Saudi nation and the efforts taken for implementation and the consciences been made to fulfill the strategies of the Saudi initiatives. It will also define the E-Government and presents the most common advantages of e-government. However, e-government program normally expected to face many challenges and barriers, may be technological, cultural, organizational, or social issues. These have also been discussed in this paper.

Keywords: E-government, E-service, E-strategies, Economic Impacts.

Abstract: The Dhansiri River is a highly meandering river. Its Sinuosity Index has been evaluated using satellite imageries of 1999 and 2008 which varies from 1.22 to 4.91. The river acquires a meandering course as it flows through the alluvial plains of Assam and is responsible for frequent course change and shifting of banklines due to consistent bank erosion. The progressive gradual change of the meander bends has been observed by superimposing the river layers of 1999 and 2008 in GIS platform. The length of the river course in 2008 (307.74km) became shorter by 6.20 km than that in 1999(313.94km). In the present study it has been found that the total area lost as a result of erosion is 13.13834 sq km and the total area gained as a result of sediment deposition along its bank is 15.15894 sq km.

Keywords: Dhansiri River, Sinuosity Index, GIS, Landuse, Landcover, Erosion.

Abstract: Advertising, using media as its vehicle, is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes and behavior in today's world. At times it goes beyond the traditional role of 'fair and truthful' information and portraits obscene, undesirable and unethical scenes giving a detrimental result especially on the young population of the society. The ethical aspect of Indian advertisement is extremely important for restoration of our Indian culture, norms, ethics and heritage.

Keywords: Advertising, Obscene, Unethical, culture

Abstract: This paper discuses modal analysis of vertical turbine pump. Vertical Turbine Pumps are the centrifugal pumps which are mounted vertically. Generally, turbine pumps have constant head and fluid flows uniformly at high pressure. Natural frequencies of a vertical turbine pump are calculated by performing a modal analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Common name for this type of analysis is Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Accuracy of these numeric methods depends on numbers of elements. The primary reason for conducting an FEA is to obtain an acceptable separation margin between the unit operating speed and the individual structural natural frequencies. Total six modes of vibration are found for this analysis. Experimental analysis is defined as the study of dynamic characteristics of a mechanical structure. Experimental analysis is done by using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyzer. During this analysis, exciter mechanism is done by using an instrumental hammer, as this mechanism requires a minimum amount of hardware and provides shorter measurement times. At last, by comparing natural frequency with operational frequency of vertical turbine pump ensures the safe working of the pump.

Keywords: Vertical Turbine Pump (VTP), Modal Analysis, FEA, EMA.

Abstract: Biometrics is the study of automatic techniques for recognizing human beings based on physical or behavioral traits. To find good biometric features, technique has been researched extensively in recent years. Among several biometric features, ear is quite stable because it does not vary with age and emotion. The ear recognition work depends on ear height, reference line cut points, corresponding angles and inner ear curve. The study is performed on the ear in random orientation and shows a greater accuracy than existing dominant approach. The recognition accuracy is increased by using more training images for database. Face recognition by itself, using the same approach, gave a 63% rank one recognition rate, but when complimented with ear images in a multimodal system improved to 94% rank one recognition rate.

Keywords: Image Processing, ear biometrics, curve fitting, ear orientation, ear height line, reference lines, angles.

Abstract: In the present paper, buckling behavior of rectangular plates with cutouts at different locations and subjected to partial edge compression is investigated. The plate is modeled and results are obtained using ANSYS. Buckling behavior of plates is investigated for simply supported. The work is further extended for different kinds of partial edge compressions. Partial edge compression is applied in such a way that total load on plate remains same for each case. Several numerical results depicting the non-dimensional buckling load for rectangular plates are presented in the form of figures and tables. In order to check the accuracy of the present method, the results are compared with those existing in the literature. The effect of span to thickness ratio and boundary conditions on the buckling load is presented.

Keywords: Plate, Buckling, cutout, Partial edge loadings.