VOLUME 12, ISSUE 7, JULY 2025

Abstract: This study examines the significant evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in marketing communication, offering a comprehensive assessment of its transformative impact on theoretical frameworks, consumer interactions, and ethical considerations. The integration of AI technologies, including predictive analytics, content automation and conversational agents, has precipitated a novel epoch of personalised marketing strategies that challenge and redefine traditional communication models. By examining the historical progression of AI from its inception to its present-day applications in the marketing landscape, this study underscores the pivotal significance of understanding consumer perception and trust regarding AI-driven communications. Furthermore, it addresses key ethical issues, including privacy concerns and algorithmic bias, that emerge in this rapidly evolving context. This study sets out to redefine classical and contemporary marketing theories in light of advancements in AI technology. The study's ultimate aim is to position the field for ongoing academic exploration and practical application in an increasingly digital environment.

Keywords: Digital marketing, marketing communication, artificial intelligence, consumer behaviour.

Abstract: phishing websites now pose a critical threat to digital infrastructure across industries. They frequently serve as the initial vector for various cyber intrusions that steal, change, or gain access to both customer and company data. This study presents a new way to find phishing websites by combining attribute selection and data point derivation methods with an ensemble-based machine learning algorithm. It does this after looking at all the research that is already out there. The proposed method uses a carefully chosen dataset to build and test ensemble models that can accurately predict phishing activity.

Abstract: A large portion of India's population depends on agriculture as their main occupation. However, improper use of fertilizers often results in poor crop production. This paper presents a system that combines Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies for soil testing and intelligent crop recommendation. Sensors are used to measure parameters such as soil temperature, moisture, pH, and nutrient levels (NPK). The data collected is processed using ML algorithms, particularly Random Forest, to recommend suitable crops. Additionally, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are applied to detect plant diseases. This system minimizes soil degradation and supports farmers in making data-driven agricultural decisions.

Keywords: Soil nutrient identification, Crop suggestion, Plant pathology, NPK, IoT, Machine Learning, CNN, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN).

Abstract: The rapid advancement of technology and the rising consumption of electronic goods have significantly increased the generation of electronic waste (e-waste) across India. Udaipur, as an emerging smart city, faces growing challenges in managing e-waste in a sustainable and environmentally responsible manner. This research paper investigates the implementation and effectiveness of the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policy in the context of e-waste management in Udaipur. The study outlines the legislative frameworks governing e-waste in India, including the E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011, and its amendments in 2016, which mandate producers to meet e-waste collection targets and implement deposit-refund systems.EPR is a globally recognized approach where producers are made responsible for the end-of-life management of electronic products. In India, however, e-waste management is still dominated by informal sectors, limiting the success of EPR. This study emphasizes the need for better enforcement mechanisms, active stakeholder involvement, and awareness campaigns to integrate informal sectors into formal recycling systems. The paper also proposes city-specific guidelines tailored to Udaipur, aiming to improve collection, recycling, and reduction practices through registered e-waste collectors, reuse, repair, and green computing strategies.Comparative analysis with international policies such as the WEEE directives highlights innovative practices and tools. If implemented effectively, EPR policies can transform Udaipur into a model green smart city with sustainable and efficient e-waste management practices.

Abstract: Conventional job portals often struggle with irrel- evant recommendations, poor user engagement, and inefficient recruiter workflows. This research introduces a uniquely struc- tured Online Job Portal that leverages real-time matching algo- rithms, context-aware filtering, and a modular service-oriented backend. Unlike existing systems, our platform emphasizes role- personalized user journeys, resume intent extraction, and scalable design for academic and SME integration. The architecture sup- ports dynamic content rendering and automated feedback loops, significantly reducing manual intervention. Results demonstrate improved candidate relevance and reduced recruiter screening time, positioning the system as a viable next-gen recruitment solution.

Keywords: Online Job Portal, Digital Recruitment, Intelli- gent Filtering, Resume Matching, Scalable Architecture

Abstract: Background: Adolescents spend considerable time on smartphones for various purposes such as studying and socializing, making it essential for them to understand the optimal use of social media. However, when a student struggles to manage their use of these platforms, it can lead to internet addiction, which negatively impacts their physical, psychological, and social well-being. Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between social media usage and loneliness. Design: The research reviewed correlational studies to examine this connection. Findings: The review revealed a strong positive correlation between social media addiction and loneliness. Implications: The findings can guide psychologists and health professionals in developing prevention and intervention strategies. Those who experience negative impacts from social media use may benefit from targeted counseling and coping strategies. Recommendations: It is recommended that the risks and causes of social media addiction be incorporated into educational curricula, along with strategies to mitigate its harmful effects on physical, psychological, and social health. Conclusion: The study concluded that social media use disorder, along with symptoms of depression and stress, is linked to higher levels of loneliness.

Keywords: Loneliness, smartphone addiction, Social media addiction, Isolation, Depression

Abstract: Nowadays, promotions through social media play a crucial role in marketing strategies for growing fashion brands. With the popularity of social media, most fashion brands have started acknowledging different ways of social media networking that may be utilised to attract potential customers. Social media platforms can be seen as another contributor to the excessive consumption of fast fashion. Sharing information platforms facilitates the autonomy to grasp more changing fashion developments in competitive areas of concern. The purchasing choices of consumers with reference to fast fashion have been advantageously influenced by social media platforms. Consumers' buying decisions may be altered with the evolution of constantly changing fashion, which sometimes creates Fear of missing out (FOMO) among individuals. Providing the widespread usage of social media and significant developments over the past years, the present research is intended to investigate the detrimental effect of different social media platforms on fast fashion with compulsive behaviour. This presented study is based on a literature review. The provided findings, clarifications, and conclusions have been grounded on the studies that have previously been released. The research demonstrated a strong and beneficial relationship between people's tendency towards spontaneous purchase and the influence of social media in fast fashion, having the Fear of missing out.

Keywords: Fast fashion, Social Media Influence, Fear of missing out (FOMO)

Abstract: This study presents a numerical solution to the one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation, modeling the transport of conservative pollutants in open channel flows. Using the Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme, the simulation captures the combined effects of advection and diffusion on pollutant dispersion. The model assumes a steady, uniform, and unidirectional flow in a straight channel with constant cross-section and no chemical reaction or lateral mixing. A tridiagonal matrix system is derived and solved using the Thomas algorithm to obtain the temporal evolution of pollutant concentration profiles. The resulting data and 3D plots highlight how pollutants gradually dilute and spread downstream, demonstrating the physical realism and numerical stability of the scheme. The study supports the effectiveness of finite difference methods in environmental modeling and opens avenues for future work on more complex scenarios involving multi-dimensional domains or reactive transport phenomena.

Keywords: Convection-diffusion, Finite difference, Pollutant transport, Numerical solution, Open channels.

Abstract: A key component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication allows direct wireless communication between automobiles to improve road safety, ease traffic, and facilitate autonomous driving. The development of V2V communication protocols is examined in this literature review, with particular attention paid to updating systems, message distribution, and real-time data dependability. According to studies, efficient traffic management and collision avoidance depend on timely and context-aware message updates. To maximize data delivery in extremely dynamic vehicular environments, a number of models have been proposed, including broadcast-based, cluster-based, and machine learning-enhanced communication frameworks. The main conclusions and approaches are compiled in this review, which also highlights the present difficulties and potential paths forward for reliable V2V communication systems.

Keywords: Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), message distribution, Embedded C , ESP32 Microcontroller, broadcast-based

Abstract: Video observation currently plays a significant role on a global scale. Advancements have led to a significant increase in the integration of manufactured knowledge, machine learning, and deep learning into devices. The application of the combinations and unique frameworks aids in distinguishing various questionable behaviors from the real-time analysis of photographs. The human way of behaving is the most capricious; additionally, it is extremely challenging to decide if it is suspicious or normal. In this work, we have characterized human exercises into two categories: normal and suspicious. Typical exercises incorporate sitting, strolling, running, hand waving, and so forth. Arrest, abuse, shoplifting, and so on are examples of suspicious exercises. We accomplish this arrangement by utilizing convolutional neural networks. First, we use the convolutional neural network to separate significant-level highlights from pictures. We consider the grouping of the convolutional network, eliminate the outcome of the last pooling layer, and create the final forecast. The CIFAR-100 dataset confirmed the recommended model's accuracy of 0.9796 percent.

Keywords: Suspicious action; profound learning; convolutional neural organization

Abstract: Since long back all types of task is being done by the humans only. There were no technology like as of now. At that time, science is not developed and technologies were not invented. So the task was entirely dependent on the person. Now individuals realised that invention is need of the tomorrow's well being. Artificial intelligence (AI), is a technology that is revolutionizing all field of existence. In order to elaborate how mixing of data, analyzing it, to reach the decisions. This paper trying to inform the people about Artificial Intelligence and urge them to make use of it in various fields. This article, briefly discuss artificial intelligence (AI), its principles, and important applications.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Principles, Application, Terms, Robotics

Abstract: Teacher is considered as a crucial component of any educational program. For implementation of the educational process at any stage teacher plays a very significant role. This present study aimed to assess the current status of secondary level school teachers' attitudes towards teaching and their levels of job satisfaction, with a focus on identifying gender-based differences. Employing descriptive survey method, this study was carried out on a sample of 195 school teachers drawn from various secondary schools across the Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal. Data were being collected using two 5-point Likert-type scales: the Teacher's Attitude Towards Teaching Scale (Vidushy & Kishor, 2021) and the Teacher's Job Satisfaction Scale (Madan & Malik, 2020). Results revealed that secondary level school teachers possess strongly positive attitude towards teaching but job satisfaction of them was not high. Furthermore, it was found that there was no significant difference in attitude towards teaching between male and female school teachers; however, a significant difference was noticed in their job satisfaction.

Keywords: Teachers' Attitude Towards Teaching, Job Satisfaction, Secondary Level School Teachers, Gender

Abstract: Solid waste management problems have gotten worse due to rapid urbanisation and population growth. Conventional approaches cannot meet the constantly changing needs of contemporary cities. An innovative chance to improve the sustainability and efficiency of waste collection and management systems is provided by the incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. An extensive literature review of current IoT-based waste management solutions is presented in this paper. It highlights research gaps, talks about different methods and technological developments, and makes recommendations for further work.

Keywords: Real-time monitoring, sensors, smart waste management, IoT, and route optimization

Abstract: This study represents a sophisticated framework for optimizing system performance and reliability. These systems address the challenges of maintaining operational efficiency in environments where machines are prone to failures and repair resources are limited. Heterogeneous spares, characterized by varying operational and failure rates, provide flexibility in replacing failed machines, while N-policy constraints regulate repair initiation based on the number of failed machines, ensuring efficient resource allocation. Time-shared operations further enhance repair scheduling by balancing workload distribution among repair servers. This model integrates key performance measures, such as system availability, mean failed machines, and repair server utilization, alongside cost metrics like operational, repair, and idle costs, to provide a comprehensive analysis. By leveraging these components, the system aims to minimize downtime, optimize repair efforts, and reduce overall costs, making it highly applicable in manufacturing, production, and industrial maintenance domains.

Keywords: Machine repair systems, heterogeneous spares, N-policy constraints, time-shared operations, system availability, repair server utilization, failure rates

Abstract: This study investigates the eco-friendly and cost-effective adsorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) from industrial wastewater of Firozabad using chemically modified orange peel as a biosorbent. Given the hazardous nature of Cr⁶⁺ and its prevalence in the effluents from Firozabad's glass industry, this work offers a sustainable solution by utilizing agricultural waste. The orange peels were collected, washed, dried, ground, and chemically treated to enhance their functional groups for improved adsorption. The biosorbent was characterized using FTIR and SEM to confirm the presence of active sites and surface morphology. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of parameters such as pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, and biosorbent dose. The results indicated optimal Cr⁶⁺ removal (>90%) at pH 2, a biosorbent dose of 2.5 g/L, and contact time of 90 minutes. Kinetic studies revealed that the process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, while equilibrium data best fit the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the exothermic and spontaneous nature of the process. The biosorbent was also tested on real wastewater samples, achieving 70-88% removal efficiency despite the presence of competing ions. Compared to other agricultural wastes, the modified orange peel exhibited superior adsorption capacity (q_max = 8 mg/g), underscoring its potential as an efficient and sustainable material for heavy metal remediation in wastewater.

Keywords: Chromium (Cr⁶⁺), biosorption, orange peel, industrial wastewater, low-cost adsorbent, Firozabad, eco-friendly remediation

Abstract: This paper focuses on job creation of developing countries that have the limited budget and infra. To do that, this paper suggests that those who are working in responsible position have to significantly recognize the mega-trend of current technology and make a policy and build roadmap to use the limited fund and save time. This paper also recommend that they should have development strategy to present well their characteristics of the existing tradi-tional culture and heritage or their typical landscape to implement within the limited budget and the short-time. Now, technology of the biggest impact on everywhere is AI and its related technologies, if we make narrow, it will be a ChatGPT. AI and ChatGPT is giving an influence on many areas and job pattern. However, policymaker or government person may not catch its important because their work is so much wide and complex. However, the impact of AI will continue to grow, it will be essential in every place and every works. For that, developing countries must prepare to adapt for their job market and their paradigm and culture. Lots of jobs will be lost due to the automation by AI and ChatGpt (AI robot). So, they must develop strategies to sup-port workers who are at risk of displacement and to ensure through training and education. This paper does not empha-size on policy and scientific function but describes on how much important to educate AI, earlier and why developing country has to do on exactly on-time, now to build knowledge-based job development. To develop knowledge-based job by their traditional culture and heritage, as an example, this paper candidate the specified education, tourism-convergence. As an example of ChatGPT, this paper introduces Nepal case and attaches appendix-1 (Fashion and beauty design by ChatGPT) and appendix-2 (Optima control of Coffee roasting technology by ChatGPT) as an exam-ple. These examples are also not absolutely all true but shows on how we can use ChatGPT to get an idea and how we can use it as an example. Through this example, some beginners can have curious and will understand AI or LLM or related technology to application.

Keywords: AI, ChatGPT, Education, Cosmetic, Education.

Abstract: Data correspondence advancements (ICT) at present are affecting each part of human existence. They are playing remarkable jobs in work places, business, training, and diversion. Additionally, many individuals perceive ICTs as impetuses for change; change in working circumstances, dealing with and trading data, showing techniques, learning draws near, logical research, and in getting to data correspondence advances. In this advanced period, ICT use in the homeroom is significant for offering understudies chances to learn and apply the expected 21st century abilities. ICT further develops instructing and learning and its significance for educators in playing out their job of makers of academic conditions. ICT helps of an instructor to introduce his instructing alluringly and ready to learn for the students at any degree of instructive projects. Today in India educating preparing programs making helpful and appealing by the term of ICT. Data and Correspondence Innovations (ICTs) exemplified by the web and intuitive mixed media are clearly a significant concentration for future schooling and should be really coordinated into formal educating and learning - particularly in an educator schooling organization.

Keywords: Information Technology, Education System, Computers, Teaching, learning.

Abstract: In recent years, Kerala has witnessed a significant influx of migrant workers from various parts of India, particularly in sectors such as construction, hospitality, and informal labor. This study titled "Financial Planning of Migrant Employees" aims to examine the income sources, saving habits, spending behaviour, investment patterns, and financial challenges faced by migrant employees in the Ernakulam district. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from migrant workers employed in construction sites, hotels, restaurants, and other manual jobs. The findings reveal that while most migrant workers earn a regular income, their financial planning is limited due to poor financial literacy, irregular saving practices, and low awareness of formal financial institutions. Many continue to rely on informal saving methods and face difficulty in accessing reliable financial services. Lack of documentation, language barriers, and frequent mobility further contribute to their financial vulnerability. The study recommends targeted financial literacy programs, awareness campaigns, and training initiatives to empower migrant workers with essential money management skills. It also emphasizes the importance of promoting formal savings mechanisms and providing financial counselling through NGOs, banks, and government agencies to ensure greater financial inclusion and long-term security for migrant employees.

Keywords: Financial literacy: The ability to understand and effectively use financial skills, including budgeting, saving, investing, and managing debt.

Abstract: The rapid adoption of cloud storage services necessitates robust mechanisms for ensuring data privacy and security. This project presents a comprehensive three-layer intelligent data privacy protection scheme tailored for cloud storage, implemented using Java for backend processes, and JSP, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the frontend interface. The database management is handled using MySQL, ensuring efficient data storage and retrieval. Our system leverages the AWS Cloud service provider for cloud storage solutions. It introduces a controlled user registration process where new users can only access the system upon administrative approval, enhancing security by preventing unauthorized access. Once registered, users can upload files to the cloud, where the system employs a multi-faceted approach to data protection. Uploaded files are partitioned into three distinct blocks, each encrypted using the Caesar Cipher algorithm. This classical encryption method, despite its simplicity, provides a foundational layer of security. Additionally, our system incorporates a deduplication feature that identifies and manages redundant data uploads, thereby optimizing storage efficiency. To ensure secure access and retrieval, a unique Message Authentication Code (MAC) is generated for each of the three blocks of data. This MAC Code is essential for the decryption process, ensuring that only authorized users can reconstruct and access the original files. The combination of data splitting, encryption, and MAC-based authentication forms a robust framework for maintaining data confidentiality and integrity in cloud environments. This project demonstrates a practical approach to enhancing data privacy in cloud storage systems, offering a scalable and secure solution for both individual users and organizations.

Keywords: cloud storage, data privacy, Message Authentication Code.

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page Exploring the Role of Employee Empowerment, Fluid Work Environments, and Diversity in Fostering Innovation: The Mediating Effect of Knowledge Sharing in the IT Industry Dr. Shashidhar S Mahantshetti, Ms. Priya.K, Ms. Anuradha H N, Mr. Shivabeerappa.M Abstract Purpose: This study investigates how organizational factors-Employee Empowerment, Fluid Work Environment (FWE), and Workforce Diversity-affect Knowledge Sharing (KS) and, in turn, influence Innovation Propensity within the IT industry. The research addresses a key gap in understanding the mechanisms through which these factors, particularly employee empowerment, contribute to innovation, with Knowledge Sharing serving as a mediating factor. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the crucial significance employee-driven initiatives and knowledge exchange in fostering innovation. Study design/methodology/approach: To investigate the relationships between organizational characteristics and their effects on knowledge sharing and innovation propensity, a quantitative research methodology was used. IT professionals were surveyed using a standardized questionnaire to gather data. The links between employee empowerment, FWE, workforce diversity, knowledge sharing, and innovation propensity were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: The findings validate that there is a substantial relationship between Employee Empowerment and Knowledge Sharing (β = 0.30292, p Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.12720 How to Cite: [1] Dr. Shashidhar S Mahantshetti, Ms. Priya.K, Ms. Anuradha H N, Mr. Shivabeerappa.M, "Exploring the Role of Employee Empowerment, Fluid Work Environments, and Diversity in Fostering Innovation: The Mediating Effect of Knowledge Sharing in the IT Industry," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.12720 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

Abstract: Optimizing turning processes in steel rolling mills is critical for enhancing productivity and reducing operational costs. This study proposes a genetic algorithm (GA)-based multi-objective optimization framework to minimize machining time (Mt) and maximize tool life (Tl) during the dry turning of hardened cast iron rolls (50-55 SHC) using tungsten carbide inserts (RCMX25). A Waldrich Seizen CNC lathe (90 kW) was employed to conduct experiments under varying spindle speeds (10-18 rpm), feed rates (1.2-1.6 mm/rev), and depths of cut (8-10 mm). Regression models derived from an L9 orthogonal array quantified the impact of parameters on Mt (RMSE = 5.26) and Tl (RMSE = 2.95). The GA optimized these conflicting objectives, achieving a 15.8% reduction in machining time and a 22.3% improvement in tool life compared to baseline Taguchi methods. Results demonstrate that GA effectively balances trade-offs between productivity and tool longevity, offering a data-driven solution for industrial CNC machining. This work bridges the gap between theoretical optimization and real-world implementation, providing actionable insights for steel rolling mills.

Keywords: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Multi-objective optimization, Steel rolling mills, Machining time (Mt), Tool life (Tl), Dry turning, Hardened cast iron rolls, Tungsten carbide inserts, Spindle speed, Feed rate, Depth of cut, L9 orthogonal array, Regression models

Abstract: The usefulness of social media in the digital era has turned retail investors to social media for financial information. This study aims to examine the effect of social media exposure, finfluencer (financial influencer) credibility, platform used for investment advice and herd mentality on retail investor's investment behavior in Chennai. The research identifies significant relationships of these digital factors with investment decisions using a structured questionnaire and quantitative analysis. According to the findings, exposure to social media enhances investor behavior in a positive way if content is considered credible and coincides with the collective market opinion. Moreover, the research also uncovers that retail investors now tend to subscribe to finfluencers for last minute, readily understandable thought processes, resulting in a herd behavior against popularly held, rather than conventional analysis. This dynamic is evolving hence the investor should have financial literacy and critical thinking in the digital world. An outgrowth of work in progress, the results help investors, financial content creators and policy makers seek informed and responsible investment practice in the era of social media. This research also provides a way forward for future behavioral bias research on digital platforms for financial decision making.

Keywords: Finfluencers, Investment Behavior, Social Media Influence, Behavioral Finance, Digital Trust, Herd Mentality.

Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between designations and work engagement, and its impact on the work-life balance of working women in IT companies of Rajasthan. With the increasing participation of women in the IT industry, work-life balance has become a critical concern. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to assess how different designations within IT companies influence levels of work engagement and, in turn, affect work-life balance. The study finds that while higher-level positions are associated with increased work engagement, they also lead to more challenges in maintaining work-life balance. In contrast, lower-level positions offer a better balance, though with less work engagement. The paper concludes by recommending strategies for improving work-life balance, such as flexible work arrangements, better managerial support, and targeted interventions for women in leadership roles.

Keywords: Career Progression, Designation, Employee Retention, Job Performance, Organizational Support, Women Employees, Work Engagement, Work-Life Balance.

Abstract: Food safety is the most burning issue for current trade scenario, recently global food safety issues like presence of Ethylene oxide in spices and other food items is being considered as major food safety concern for food exports from India. Earlier, there was a food safety issue on presence of formaldehyde in fish and fishery products which was raised by European Union. Similarly food safety issue related to melamine in infant milk had been raised by China government. In this connection, time to time directives and food laws & regulation has been passed by Indian government as well as other importing country authorities, but still number of Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has been increasing. There is an increasing trend towards exports from India, however many developed countries as well as developing countries have doubts for food frauds and food safety from food which they are importing from India. Indian Government is now more focused for exporting safe and quality food across globe and is in process to implement food law strictly and fulfil the global food safety requirements. Exporter have to be ready to face technical challenges and have to follow serious compliance because importing countries have more concern for providing safe food rather than importing low cost food in view of food security of their nation. Since India has plenty of land for agriculture and is growing different food including sea food and aquaculture, there is ample opportunity to export quality food at best prices as there is high demand of Indian food and food additives globally. India is growing seasonal grains, vegetables and other food items excessively as per demand and sometimes farmers destroy their crops or sell it at unviable prices because of glut in production however if these commodities are planned for export they will give better returns to for farmers and enhance economy of our country. Modern instrumental and analytical techniques play an important role for prevention of food fraud and provide safe and good quality food which has resulted in benefits not only in export and import of food and food additives but also achieving compliance to food security for nation. Current article highlight major problems face by exporter as well as importer to export and import safe food from India and their solutions. This article also provides comprehensive studies on food frauds and their detection by modern instrumental techniques with their limitations. Aim of this article is to highlight current challenges to provide safe food and their possible solutions.

Keywords: Food safety, Technical Challenges, Food Fraud, RASFF, Food Security

Abstract: This study evaluates multi-tier vegetative barriers as a sustainable approach to dust control in mining operations. Through a synthesis of peer-reviewed literature and field studies, we analyse dust suppression mechanisms, species-specific performance, and optimal design parameters, including canopy density and barrier alignment with prevailing winds. Findings show that well-designed vegetative barriers can reduce airborne particulate matter, including hazardous PM2.5 and PM10, by up to 84% compared to unmanaged sites, effectively mitigating dust dispersion at mine boundaries. The study highlights the role of species with high leaf surface roughness and trichome density in enhancing dust capture and provides guidelines for barrier layout. Beyond air quality improvement, these barriers support environmental restoration, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem health. Practical recommendations are offered for implementing vegetative barriers in mining environments, alongside directions for future research

Keywords: dust suppression, vegetative barrier, mining operations, air quality, multi-tier vegetation, canopy density, species selection, dust mitigation, PM2.5, PM10, environmental restoration, carbon sequestration

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of gender bias, communication effectiveness, and financial literacy on the investment decisions of working women in Udaipur. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 125 working women through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. The findings reveal that perceived gender bias in financial advisory services significantly reduces trust in financial advisors and diminishes women's willingness to take financial risks. Effective communication between financial advisors and female clients emerged as a strong predictor of satisfaction with financial services and the frequency of investment decision-making. Additionally, the study highlights the crucial role of financial literacy in empowering women to make informed and confident investment decisions, with higher literacy levels being positively associated with more diversified investment portfolios and greater confidence in decision-making. These results underscore the need for financial institutions to address gender bias, enhance communication practices, and improve financial literacy to promote financial inclusion and empower women. The study also identifies several avenues for future research, including the exploration of additional variables, intersectional analysis, and the evaluation of policy interventions. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for financial institutions, advisors, and policymakers aiming to create a more equitable and supportive financial environment for women in Udaipur.

Keywords: Gender Bias, Financial Literacy, Communication Effectiveness, Investment Decisions, Working Women

+91-7667918914 iarjset@gmail.com 0 Items International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN Online 2393-8021 ISSN Print 2394-1588 Since 2014 Home About About IARJSET Aims and Scope Editorial Board Editorial Policies Publication Ethics Publication Policies Indexing and Abstracting Citation Index License Information Authors How can I publish my paper? Instructions to Authors Benefits to Authors Why Publish in IARJSET Call for Papers Check my Paper status Publication Fee Details Publication Fee Mode FAQs Author Testimonials Reviewers Topics Peer Review Current Issue & Archives Indexing FAQ’s Contact Select Page FLUNKY Toys: Expanding Aryan Raj's vision to a new Dimension Dr. Shantanu Raj, Dr. Aditya Ranjan Samal, Dr. Anuradha Mishra On a Saturday afternoon ,2023 Mr. Aryan Raj was busy in a brain storming & ice breaking session along with his stake holders to reach a point at which several decisions to be taken that would determine the future of the company. Aryan was the founder of FLUNKY, a start up company marketing indigenous toys in an exclusive showroom in Delhi's heart. It was established in the year 2018 and running successfully since then. With a passion for toys sparked by his father's stories about India's 5,000-year-old toy-making legacy, Aryan aims to provide high-quality, affordable toys for children aged 5-15. The toys not only augment child's mental & physical dexterity but imbibe a sense of cohesiveness & camaraderie. His father's thought has casted an indelible impression in his mind and he decided that one day he would kick start his own venture in this segment. According to Mr. Aryan Raj the Indian toy industry growth is tardy due to lack customization which is not found in imported toys. The imported toys are expensive but allure children due to its innovativeness & articulate design. The Indian are very conventional and not updated to latest trends in the market and price is also very high. He felt elated to see that Indian toys industry is reviving and has sanguine future ahead. Aryan believes the Indian toy industry's growth is hindered by a lack of customization and innovation, making imported toys with indigenous appealing despite their higher prices. Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.12727 How to Cite: [1] Dr. Shantanu Raj, Dr. Aditya Ranjan Samal, Dr. Anuradha Mishra, "FLUNKY Toys: Expanding Aryan Raj's vision to a new Dimension," International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2025.12727 Copy Citation Call for Papers Rapid Publication 24/7 April 2026 Submission: eMail paper now Notification: Immediate Publication: Immediately with eCertificates Frequency: Monthly Downloads Paper Format Copyright Form   Submit to iarjset@gmail.com or editor@iarjset.com   Submit My Paper Author CenterHow can I publish my paper? Publication Fee Why Publish in IARJSET Benefits to Authors Guidelines to Authors FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Author Testimonials IARJSET ManagementAims and Scope Call for Papers Editorial Board DOI and Crossref Publication Ethics Editorial Policies Publication Policies Subscription / Librarian Conference Special Issue Info ArchivesCurrent Issue & Archives Conference Special Issue Copyright © 2026 IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Open chat

Abstract: This study presents a seismic analysis of square and U-shaped buildings with re-entrant corners, evaluating their performance under earthquake loading using two distinct base conditions rubber base isolation and fixed base. The presence of re-entrant corners introduces complex static behavior, which can significantly impact the building's seismic response. The analysis compares the effectiveness of rubber base isolation in mitigating earthquake-induced forces and vibrations in contrast to the fixed base condition, which represents traditional structural support. A three-dimensional model of both building shapes was developed in ETABS 2022 to simulate earthquake excitations, and various seismic parameters such as displacement, acceleration, and structural stresses were assessed. The results highlight the potential benefits of rubber base isolation in reducing seismic responses, especially in structures with irregular geometries like those with re-entrant corners.

Keywords: Seismic Analysis, Re-entrant Corner, Pushover Analysis, Base Isolator

Abstract: Social media has become an integral part of students' lives, influencing their habits, lifestyle, and academic performance. With the growing digitalization of education and communication, this study aims to analyze how students from different socio-demographic backgrounds engage with social media and its effects on their daily lives.The study also aims to explore relationship between different types of social media usage like Entertainment, Education, Travel, and Lifestyle on the basis of gender, habitat, caste, family type, and monthly income Using a survey method, data was collected from a randomly selected sample of 400 secondary-level students. The findings reveal significant variations in social media usage based on habitat, gender, caste, and family income. Urban and rural students were found to use social media more frequently than those from semi-urban areas. Male students exhibited higher usage compared to female students. Additionally, students from UR and OBC categories engaged more with social media than SC and ST students. The study also found that urban students primarily used social media for entertainment, while semi-urban students were more inclined toward lifestyle-related content. Furthermore, students from higher-income families (above ₹20,000) used social media more for entertainment compared to those from lower-income backgrounds. These insights emphasize educators, parents, and policymakers to develop techniques for accountable social media use, ensuring a balance between digital engagement and academic and social well-being.

Keywords: Social Media Usage, Secondary Level Students, Urban, Rural, Digital Engagement, Digital Technology, Entertainment and Lifestyle, Student Well-being, Social Media Addiction, Mental Health Impact

Abstract: This research explores the development of sustainable, lightweight, and thermally efficient building materials through the combination of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads and Surkhi.EPS is well-known for its low density and excellent insulation properties, which help reduce the weight and energy consumption of construction materials. The EPS beads are coated with cement in a 1:1 ratio.Surkhi, a recycled byproduct obtained from crushed bricks or burnt clay, acts as a natural pozzolanic material that improves the compressive strength, durability, and water resistance of concrete. When combined, these materials offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fine aggregates, supporting circular economy principles and reducing the ecological footprint of the construction industry.This composite approach aims to address growing concerns about the depletion of natural resources, material waste, and energy efficiency in modern construction. The study was conducted in two phases: first, Surkhi was used to partially replace fine aggregates at rates of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%; next, EPS beads were added at levels of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. Various mix combinations were tested for compressive strength, density, and water absorption to determine the most effective formulation. Ultimately, the top-performing block was compared to a commercially available AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) block to evaluate its suitability in terms of structural performance, weight, insulation, and cost. The results highlight the potential of the EPS-Surkhi block as a sustainable choice in contemporary construction.

Keywords: Surkhi, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), Expanded Polystyrene Pozzolana block (EPP), Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) block, Compressive strength, Block density, Water absorption.

Abstract: The dietary and nutritional conditions of tribal students in Tamil Nadu are the determining factors of their overall health, educational performance and well-being. This systematic review has the overarching goal of consolidating available literature to evaluate the nutritional status of school student in Tamil Nadu, prevalence, micronutrient deficiencies and related Ecological and cultural determinants influencing tribal school children in the last decades. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals, government publications and grey literature was showed using databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. The review emphasizes the widespread problems of malnutrition such as malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and over nutrition caused by dietary patterns. Furthermore, it discusses the effects of government nutrition programs and interventions to enhance the nutritional status of tribal students. A total 30 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. These studies highlight the nutritional challenges tackled by the tribal children in Tamil Nadu. This systematic review meta-analysis, poor food intake habits, lack of macro and micronutrients, inadequate dietary diversity, unhygienic environments, poverty, low literacy level and limited awareness of government policies increases the risk of under nutrition among tribal children. The findings of this analysis will help in preparing policy suggestions and focused nutrition interventions to enhance educational performance and health status of Tamil Nadu tribal students.

Keywords: dietary diversity, food consumption, health interventions, malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, nutritional status, tribal children.

Abstract: The seismic performance of tall buildings relies heavily on the choice of lateral load-resisting systems. Diagrid and hexagrid structural systems have gained prominence due to their efficient load transfer mechanisms, geometric rigidity, and architectural versatility. This review paper synthesizes insights from ten core research studies to examine the comparative seismic behavior of diagrid and hexagrid structures under earthquake loads. Key findings highlight reductions in lateral drift, enhanced energy dissipation, and optimized material usage in diagrid and hexagrid configurations, contributing to improved seismic resilience in high-rise steel structures. The paper also identifies modeling practices using ETABS and response spectrum methods commonly applied in previous studies. Finally, it outlines research gaps and recommends areas for future exploration, particularly focusing on hybrid grid systems and optimization under varying seismic conditions for sustainable tall building design.

Keywords: Diagrid structures, Hexagrid structures, Seismic analysis, Tall steel buildings, Lateral drift reduction, Response spectrum method, ETABS modeling, Structural efficiency.

Abstract: This study presents an advanced Intrusion Detection System (IDS) optimized for securing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) through the application of machine learning and AI-based optimization techniques. The numerical case study conducted highlights the effectiveness of the IDS, achieving a high detection rate to accurately identify intrusions while maintaining a low false positive rate, ensuring minimal misclassification of normal activities. The system demonstrates resource efficiency by adhering to computational constraints, achieving a cost of C_c=1.2 GFLOPS, which is critical for CPS environments with limited computational resources. The use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) effectively tunes the IDS parameters, enabling the system to balance multiple objectives, such as maximizing detection accuracy, minimizing false positives, and optimizing computational overhead. This approach not only ensures robust intrusion detection but also provides a scalable and adaptable framework for real-world CPS applications. By integrating machine learning and AI-driven optimization, the study offers a practical solution for enhancing the resilience of CPS against evolving cyber threats, paving the way for secure and efficient system operations in critical infrastructures.

Keywords: Optimization techniques, cyber-physical systems, intrusion detection systems, machine learning, AI-based optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract: OmniRead AI is an integrated web-based system that converts images (containing text or visual scenes) into natural-sounding speech. It combines modern OCR and vision-language models with speech synthesis: users upload an image or enter text, the system extracts and optionally interprets content, and then reads it aloud. The pipeline uses EasyOCR and Tesseract for text extraction, Moondream AI for vision-language understanding (via user prompts), and Google's gTTS (Text-to-Speech) for audio generation. Implemented in Python/Flask, OmniRead AI demonstrates a seamless "image-to-voice" experience. This paper elaborates the system's architecture (Fig. 1), preprocessing steps, OCR ensemble, generative AI integration, and TTS pipeline. We report example outputs and discuss application scenarios. OmniRead AI enhances accessibility for visually impaired users and serves as a multipurpose assistive tool for education and productivity.

Keywords: Image-to-Speech, Optical Character Recognition, Vision-Language Model, Text-to-Speech, EasyOCR, Tesseract OCR, Moondream AI, Gtts, Generative AI, Accessibility.

Abstract: Quick access to ambulances is a life-saving need in emergency situations. However, existing systems lack the technological infrastructure to provide real-time ambulance availability, location tracking, and fast booking. This paper presents a centralized Emergency Ambulance Hiring Portal designed to bridge this gap using web-based technologies, GPS tracking, and live notifications. The system allows users to book ambulances based on proximity, receive live ETAs, and track the ambulance in real-time. Admins and drivers also have dedicated dashboards for communication and coordination. This portal aims to reduce delays and improve the efficiency of emergency healthcare systems.

Keywords: Ambulance Booking, Emergency Services, Real-Time Tracking, GPS, Web Application, Emergency Healthcare.

Abstract: Cloud computing has rapidly become a cornerstone of modern IT infrastructure, revolutionizing how organizations store, process, and manage data. By leveraging remote servers hosted on the internet, it enables scalable, on-demand access to computing resources, significantly reducing the need for physical infrastructure and associated costs. Its flexibility allows businesses to dynamically adjust resources based on demand, making it especially appealing for start-ups and enterprises alike. However, the transition to cloud environments is not without complications. This paper surveys the current literature on cloud computing, delving into its core architectures, such as multi-tenant systems and distributed computing frameworks. It examines various service models, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), as well as deployment models like public, private, hybrid, and community clouds. The review identifies critical challenges that persist in the field, particularly in areas of data security, privacy, interoperability across platforms, and the risk of vendor lock-in, where organizations become overly dependent on a single provider. Furthermore, it explores ongoing research into mitigating these issues and investigates emerging trends such as edge computing, AI integration, and green cloud technologies, offering a comprehensive perspective on the evolving landscape of cloud computing

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Cloud Architecture, Service Models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), Security and Privacy, Resource Management, Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud, Serverless Computing, Edge and Fog Computing, SLA (Service Level Agreement), Cloud Challenges and Research Issues.

Abstract: This research delves into optimizing inventory systems by incorporating stochastic lead-time, price-dependent demand, and advance payment strategies to reflect real-world uncertainties and improve supply chain efficiency. Traditional models often assume deterministic lead-times and static demand, which do not account for the variability and dynamic nature of actual market conditions. Our model integrates a stochastic lead-time distribution to handle delivery time variability and models demand as a function of selling price to capture consumer behavior's sensitivity to pricing. Additionally, advance payment options are included to explore their financial implications on inventory costs and ordering decisions. Using advanced mathematical techniques and heuristic algorithms, we derive optimal ordering policies that minimize total costs, including ordering, holding, shortage, and advance payment costs. Sensitivity analysis highlights the impact of key parameters such as lead-time variability, price elasticity, and advance payment terms on system performance. The findings demonstrate that considering these factors enhances the robustness of inventory management strategies and provides financial benefits by mitigating risks associated with uncertain lead-times and optimizing cash flow alignment with the inventory cycle.

Keywords: Inventory Optimization, Stochastic Lead-Time, Price-Dependent Demand, Advance Payment Strategies, Demand Forecasting, Cost Minimization, Sensitivity Analysis

Abstract: Reducing mathematics anxiety in primary education requires empowering teachers with effective, practical strategies. This study explores a blended professional development approach that combines educational robotics and scenario-based video resources to help teachers create engaging and emotionally supportive math classrooms. The training model integrates modular theoretical content, real-life teaching videos, and interactive digital tools to enhance instructional confidence and promote student-centered learning. By addressing both emotional and pedagogical aspects of teaching, the approach supports reduced anxiety, improved student motivation, and stronger engagement with STEM subjects.

Keywords: Mathematics anxiety; teacher professional development; educational robotics; blended learning; scenario-based videos; STEM education; digital teaching tools; student engagement.

Abstract: This research explores the effectiveness of geopolymer-based soil stabilization enhanced by natural coir fiber reinforcement, using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as the main aluminosilicate precursor and sodium hydroxide as the alkaline activator. A methodical experimental strategy was implemented, starting with the adjustment of GGBFS content (5-25%) to identify its optimal level, followed by the optimization of sodium hydroxide concentration (2M-14M), and ultimately, the integration of coir fiber in different percentages (0.5-2%). The ideal mixture-20% GGBFS, 10M NaOH, and 1% coir fiber-was subjected to Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCC), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Atterberg limit assessments. The results indicated notable enhancements in compressive strength and load-bearing capacity, with the peak UCC reaching 112.77 kN/m². Curing effects were also examined under various conditions, showing improved strength with prolonged curing time. The inclusion of coir fibers enhanced ductility and crack resistance, while the utilization of industrial by-products and natural fibers promotes environmental sustainability. The results affirm that fiber-reinforced geopolymer stabilization presents a feasible, eco-friendly alternative to traditional soil enhancement methods.

Keywords: Geopolymer soil stabilization, ground granulated blast furnace slag, coir fiber reinforcement, sodium hydroxide activator, unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio, Atterberg limits, sustainable construction, eco-friendly stabilizers, alkali-activated binders.

Abstract: This report examines the role of facility upgrades and smart home technology in enhancing Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities (NORCs) in India to better support aging in place. NORCs, formed as seniors remain in their longstanding neighborhoods, are emerging across India's urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas, offering culturally familiar environments that foster strong community ties. However, aging infrastructure in these communities often lacks accessibility, safety, and social engagement features essential to senior well-being. Smart home technology presents an effective solution to these challenges, enabling seniors to live independently while enhancing safety and connectivity. Technologies like smart sensors, remote health monitoring, and voice activated systems allow seniors to manage daily tasks, monitor health, and stay connected with caregivers and family. This report highlights case studies from Indian cities, such as initiatives in Bangalore and Mumbai, where smart technology integration has reduced hospital visits and improved residents' quality of life. Despite benefits, barriers remain, including costs, privacy concerns, and the digital divide affecting older adults' comfort with technology. To address these, policy recommendations include subsidies for technology adoption and training programs to support senior users. Ultimately, investing in smart technology within NORCs creates age friendly environments that promote independence, safety, and connectivity for India's aging population.

Keywords: NORC, smart homes, facility upgrades, urban aging, accessibility, safety, remote health monitoring, smart sensors, voice-activated systems, senior care policy, age-friendly environments.

Abstract: Online advertisements have created a great impact among the common people and their purchasing habits with the substantial rise of internet usage. The online retailing particularly in India is in a transition stage where most of the brands are leaving the traditional store format. Online advertising has different parameters that contributes to the consumer buying behaviour. The online retailing in India grows bigger each day with the emergence of new brands and online shopping sites, women consumers play an important role and their buying behaviour is significant with regard to the growth of online shopping through various platforms and applications.Cosmetic industry has been growing at the rate of 20% per annum approximately and is currently standing at US$950 million in India. It comes under the sustainable development goals 2030 laid by the UNDP under the industry, innovation and infrastructure. The purpose of this paper to analyze the factors which influence the purchase of cosmetic products among Indian consumers. Data collected through primary and secondary data. Primary data mainly collected through questionnaire. Secondary data collected by website, newspaper, article. Sample size of this study is 200 women from Kerala. Chi square and simple linear regression method were used for data analysis.

Keywords: Cosmetic Products, Digital Marketing, Buying Behaviour, Women Consumers

Abstract: Consumer behavior has shifted dramatically in the digital age, evolving beyond the influence of social media to encompass interactions with smart technologies, e-commerce platforms, and sustainability-conscious consumption. Today's consumers seek convenience, personalization, transparency, and ethical value in their purchasing decisions. This study explores the transformation of consumer preferences, focusing on how emerging digital technologies and sustainable product trends shape buying behavior. Through an analysis of current data, trends, and behavioral models, this paper identifies key drivers, issues, and implications for businesses. The findings underscore the importance of digital trust, eco-awareness, and innovation in meeting the demands of future-ready consumers.

Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Digital Technologies, Sustainability, E-Commerce, Green Products

Abstract: This study presents a Geopolymer is an eco-friendly binding material alternative for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Geopolymer concrete is produced by mixing fly ash, GGBS, alkaline solution, fibres, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Alkaline solution is composed of NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution. This paper deals with the study of impact resistance capacity of geopolymer concrete slabs subjected to impact loading. For this study, ten specimens of size 600 mm (length) × 600 mm (width) × 80 mm (thick) were casted with two different combinations of geopolymer concrete mix using different molar sodium hydroxide solutions and different percentages of mineral admixtures and a normal concrete slab as control slab. The molarity of NaOH solution used was 12M and 14M. The slabs were oven cured at 80C for 24 hours. These slabs were subjected to impact loading by drop weight test method. All the slabs were tested under a drop weight of 75.50 N through a guide pipe from a height of 700mm. The results obtained from this study showed that with the increase in molarity of NaOH solution, the strength characteristics and the impact resistance capacity of the specimen increases. Also increase in percentage of GGBS content as replacement for Fly ash content increases the impact resistance and overall strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete. From the test results, geopolymer concrete slab with 14M NaOH solution using 50:45:5 Fly ash and GGBS and fibres content showed higher impact energy absorption capacity as compared other geopolymer mixes.

Keywords: Geopolymer, Molarity, Impact loading, First crack, Ultimate failure etc…

Abstract: The construction industry is a major contributor to global waste generation, with construction and demolition (C&D) waste representing more than 30% of the total solid waste in urban India. Rapid urbanization, infrastructure growth, and limited enforcement of environmental regulations have exacerbated the issue, resulting in widespread material inefficiencies, environmental degradation, and increased project costs. Despite the introduction of the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016, the level of compliance remains low across most urban centers. This study evaluates the current waste management practices in the Indian construction industry and recommends actionable improvements aimed at promoting sustainability. Primary data was collected through structured surveys, site inspections, and in-depth interviews with engineers, contractors, and site supervisors at various construction sites in Hyderabad. The results reveal a widespread absence of structured waste management plans. Most sites lacked designated areas for waste collection, proper signage for segregation, and partnerships with recycling agencies. Furthermore, on-site personnel often lacked awareness of waste minimization techniques, leading to the routine disposal of reusable and recyclable materials. These practices not only contribute to landfill congestion and resource depletion but also introduce financial inefficiencies into construction workflows. To address these challenges, a multi-pronged strategy is proposed involving on-site segregation of waste, promotion of material reuse and recycling, and the establishment of partnerships with certified waste processing and recycling companies. In addition, targeted awareness programs and capacity-building workshops for construction workers and project managers are essential. The integration of digital tools such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and site waste tracking systems can further optimize material usage and forecast waste generation. These recommendations, supported by real-time field data, aim to lay a foundation for sustainable construction practices in India aligned with national waste reduction goals and global sustainability standards.

Keywords: Construction waste, India, sustainable construction, C&D waste, BIM, urban development

Abstract: Fake products are sold as original products at a slightly cheaper rate. These fake products are usually sold to make good money by selling counterfeit products using brand logos or names, but in reality they are a cheap quality product. Such fake products attract only using brand names, but are a growing scam. These products are designed to look almost similar to original ones. These types of products are termed as Second copy. These fake products not only damage brand value and economic systems but also pose significant threats to consumer health and safety. Traditional technologies for product verification, such as holograms, RFID, and barcodes, are increasingly being defeated by counterfeiters. Blockchain plays an important role in detecting fake products using various approaches. The approaches discussed range from Ethereum-based smart contracts to Hyperledger Fabric systems and advanced QR code encryption techniques. These systems ensure data integrity, enhance product traceability, and minimize reliance on centralized intermediaries. Additional layers like protected QR codes and AES encryption further bolster security against cloning and tampering.

Keywords: Blockchain, Counterfeit Detection, Smart Contracts, Product Traceability, QR Code Encryption, Ethereum, Hyperledger.

Abstract: The rapid adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) necessitates a secure, robust, and intelligent Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) infrastructure to support sustainable transportation. While EVs offer significant environmental benefits, their supporting systems face critical cybersecurity vulnerabilities and usability challenges. This paper examines EVCS threats using the STRIDE model, evaluates existing protocols (ISO 15118, OCPP), and explores integration with smart grids and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems. It proposes a layered defence model with encryption, authentication upgrades, and advanced solutions like AI-based monitoring and blockchain. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of intuitive design and robust system architecture to ensure high availability, ease of use, and user trust. Unified standards, strong policy mandates, and public-private collaboration are recommended to enhance EVCS resilience and usability.

Keywords: Introduction, Threat Landscape and STRIDE Model, Key Vulnerabilities in EVCS Systems, EVCS Security Protocols and Shortcomings, Countermeasures and Best Practices, Grid Integration and Systemic Challenges, Enhancing Robustness in EVCS Infrastructure, Designing Intuitive Charging Systems, Policy, Standards, and Regulatory Frameworks, Future Directions, Conclusion

Abstract: Menstrual health, historically stigmatized and underexplored, has faced challenges due to limited access to structured information, resulting in misunderstandings and difficulties in cycle management. The advent of mobile technology and digital health has transformed this landscape through period tracking tools, evolving from simple calendar-based systems to sophisticated applications leveraging data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI). These modern tools enable users to monitor menstrual cycles, predict periods and ovulation windows, and detect irregularities, supporting reproductive health, fertility planning, and early identification of menstrual disorders. The integration of blockchain technology enhances these platforms by ensuring secure, decentralized storage of sensitive health data, promoting user privacy, and enabling transparent, tamper-proof sharing of health insights with healthcare providers. As awareness of women's health and digital wellness grows, AI-powered period trackers with blockchain integration are becoming vital tools, empowering individuals globally with personalized, secure, and reliable menstrual health management.

Keywords: Blockchain, AI, Digital wellness, Menstrual health.

Abstract: As the global textile industry accelerates its shift toward sustainability, the concept of eco-luxury has emerged as a defining force in fashion. Kasturi Cotton-India's premium, government-certified cotton brand-offers a unique opportunity to position eco-consciousness alongside luxury, particularly through its exceptional durability, luxurious softness, and superior color retention. These attributes not only meet the technical demands of premium textile production but also align with the evolving preferences of ethically aware consumers worldwide. In the Indian context, Kasturi Cotton serves as a strategic tool to elevate indigenous cotton to high-end fashion markets, supported by traceability via blockchain (KC Track), lab-tested fibre quality, and government-backed branding under the Kasturi Cotton Bharat initiative. Globally, it addresses the rising demand for transparent, ethically sourced materials in luxury segments, particularly in Europe, Japan, and North America-markets now driven by ESG commitments and circular design mandates. This paper explores how Kasturi Cotton's eco-luxury value proposition enables designers and brands to differentiate through authentic sustainability narratives, while fostering India's ambition to lead in the global premium textile landscape.

Keywords: Eco-luxury textiles, Global textile market, Kasturi Cotton, Premium cotton branding, Sustainable fashion

Abstract: Government-distributed polycotton sarees are often underutilized or discarded, contributing to textile waste. This study proposes a sustainable solution by repurposing these sarees into baby cradles. The cradle design integrates macramé knotting techniques and bamboo frames, ensuring safety, comfort, and cultural relevance. The research evaluates polycotton's properties, environmental impact, cradle ergonomics, and socio-economic benefits. The initiative supports waste reduction, maternal and infant welfare, and women-led microenterprises, aligning with circular economy principles.

Keywords: Polycotton sarees, baby cradles, textile upcycling, sustainable design, macramé, bamboo frame, circular economy.

Abstract: In the pursuit of sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes, this study investigates the viability of Pterocarpus marsupium sawdust as a natural dye source for cotton fabric. Natural dyes, being biodegradable and non-toxic, are experiencing renewed interest due to increasing environmental concerns. The dye was extracted from Pterocarpus marsupium sawdust using aqueous extraction, and the extraction parameters such as concentration, time, and temperature were optimized for maximum dye yield. The dye was then applied to desized cotton fabric, and dyeing conditions were similarly optimized for time, dye concentration, and material-to-liquor ratio. Mordanting techniques were employed to improve colour fastness, using both alum and bio-mordants. Characterization of the dye was conducted using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, phytochemical analysis, and TGA. The dyed fabrics were evaluated for colour strength, fastness to washing, sunlight, crocking, and mechanical properties. The results indicate that Pterocarpus marsupium dye provides rich reddish-brown hues with good fastness and antimicrobial properties, making it suitable for applications in apparel and functional textiles. This study demonstrates the potential of utilizing sawdust, a wood industry by-product, as a sustainable dye source, thereby promoting circular economy practices and reducing environmental impact.

Abstract: The fashion industry is increasingly criticized for its unsustainable practices and environmental footprint. This paper introduces an innovative method of enhancing post-consumer denim through resin coating to create durable, stylish, and eco-friendly fashion accessories. It explores the process, properties, sustainability benefits, and commercial viability of resin-coated upcycled denim as a material alternative. The findings highlight its potential as a sustainable solution in accessory design, promoting waste reduction and creative reuse.

Keywords: Upcycled Denim, Resin Coating, Sustainable Fashion, Fashion Accessories, Textile Waste Management, Circular Economy, Eco-friendly Materials, Material Innovation

Abstract: Children outgrow clothes rapidly, presenting both financial and environmental challenges. Adjustable kids' garments address these issues by incorporating features like expandable waistbands, extendable hems, and adjustable straps, offering a cost-effective and sustainable solution. This paper explores the growing trend of adjustable clothing, its practical advantages, environmental impact, and future potential in reshaping children's fashion. It also highlights key objectives for wider adoption, emphasizing the need for innovation and consumer awareness.

Keywords: adjustable garments, children's clothing, sustainable fashion, textile waste, eco-friendly materials, clothing innovation

Abstract: This study examines the application of technical analysis to selected stocks in the financial services sector with the aim of predicting future share price movements. This study centers on leading Indian financial firms like HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, and Bajaj Finance, using their historical stock data from October 2024 to March 2025 for analysis. Key technical indicators-including Moving Averages, Relative Strength Index (RSI), Bollinger Bands, and MACD-are applied to identify price trends, momentum, and potential reversal points. The analysis reveals that technical tools can effectively highlight short-term trading signals and assist in decision-making for investors and traders. Patterns observed through charting techniques and indicators suggest periods of overbought or oversold conditions, aiding in entry and exit strategies. While technical analysis does not guarantee future price accuracy, it serves as a valuable complement to fundamental analysis, especially in volatile market conditions. The findings support the practical relevance of technical analysis in financial stock forecasting and highlight its role in enhancing portfolio performance and risk management.

Keywords: Technical Analysis, Moving Averages, MACD, RSI, Bollinger Bands.

Abstract: Global crude oil price volatility plays a crucial role in determining the macroeconomic stability of oil-importing nations like India. Being one of the globe's biggest consumers and importers of crude oil, the financial markets of India, especially benchmark indexes like the Nifty 50 and Sensex, are extremely sensitive to any movement in global oil prices. This research examines the dynamic relationship between global oil price directions and the performance of Indian stock markets over a period of ten years from 2015 to 2025. With a quantitative research design, the study uses secondary data from OPEC, Yahoo Finance, NSE, and BSE. Correlation and regression tests are employed to determine the strength, direction, and magnitude of the relationship between crude oil price movement and stock market returns. The study further explores sector- specific reactions-especially in oil-high sectors such as aviation, transport, and manufacturing-while considering investor sentiment and market volatility. The literature review covers more than 15 domestic and international studies and identifies how previous oil price shocks, especially those that are negative, have tended to have a greater effect on the markets. Most previous studies, however, have ignored recent macroeconomic disturbances like the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia- Ukraine war, world inflationary pressures, or OPEC+ policy changes. This research bridges the gap by incorporating the latest data and wider geopolitical background. Empirical evidence indicates that increasing oil prices put downward pressure on Indian equity markets by fueling price rises, diminishing corporate profit, and depreciating the rupee-factors that combine to erode investor confidence and discourage foreign institutional investment. Notably, some sectors, such as energy production, might be positively affected by price increases, which represent a dual- effect situation requiring sector-specific investment models. This study makes a valuable contribution to scholarship and policy debate by demonstrating how emerging economy financial markets are transferred global commodity volatility. In addition to affirming the Indian stock market's sensitivity to oil price shocks, the study offers insights for policymakers, corporate strategists, and investors. Finally, the study provides actionable advice on how to manage risk and develop robust investment and economic policy.

Keywords: Crude Oil Prices, Oil Price Volatility, Indian Stock Market, Nifty 50, Sensex

Abstract: The growing demand for energy-efficient and high-performance arithmetic units in digital systems has intensified research into low-power design techniques. Adders, being fundamental components in digital signal processing, multimedia, and machine learning applications, play a crucial role in overall system performance. This project presents a hybrid power and area efficient parallel prefix adder (PPA) design that utilizes approximate computing to reduce power and area consumption, while maintaining acceptable accuracy levels for error-tolerant applications. The proposed architecture divides the adder into two distinct sections: the Least Significant Part (LSP), which employs approximate logic to reduce complexity and resource usage, and the Most Significant Part (MSP), which retains exact computation to ensure result fidelity where it is most critical. A combination of Kogge-Stone and radix-4 adder structures is used to balance speed, architectural simplicity, and energy savings. The design introduces approximate prefix operators (AxPOs) that eliminate or simplify certain logic gates in the carry propagation paths, significantly optimizing power and delay. Four approximate PPA variants-AxPPA-BK (Brent-Kung), AxPPA-KS (Kogge-Stone), AxPPA-LF (Ladner-Fischer), and AxPPA-SK (Sklansky)-are developed and evaluated against the proposed hybrid adder. The implementation is carried out in Verilog HDL, simulated using ModelSim, and synthesized using Xilinx ISE. Comparative analysis shows that the hybrid adder achieves notable reductions in power, area, and delay compared to traditional PPAs and other approximate designs, making it a compelling solution for power-constrained systems in approximate computing domains.

Keywords: Approximate Adder, Kogge-Stone Adder, Ladner-Fischer Adder, Parallel Prefix Adder (PPA), Brent-Kung Adder, Sklansky Adder.

Abstract: In this paper, we produced Strontium-doped Magnesium titanate ceramics using a solid-state reaction method while maintaining a consistent molar ratio. We explored the impact of different Strontium compositions on the material properties. Characterization techniques included X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) paired with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) for microstructural evaluation, and dielectric measurements conducted with a HIOKI 3532-50 LCR Hitester. The findings revealed that the ceramic samples displayed an ilmenite hexagonal structure, with particle sizes determined through XRD analysis. Furthermore, dielectric measurements provided valuable information regarding the dielectric constant and loss of the materials.

Keywords: Solid State Reaction Route, Dielectric measurement, Thermal studies, XRD, SEM, EDAX.

Abstract: Emergence of advanced cyber threats has radically redrawn the operating environment of traditional security establishments like police, military, and private security companies. This paper critiques vulnerabilities, threats, and new strategies needed for bolstering cybersecurity across these domains based on empirical evidence, industry reports, and case studies such as the 2021 Washington D.C. Police ransomware attack and attacks on U.S. defense contractors. The paper identifies prominent groups of cyber threats: phishing and social engineering, ransomware and malware, insider threats, and hybrid cyber-physical attacks based on such analyses. Insights indicate that the majority of traditional security establishments remain technologically under-capacitated and structurally disjointed when planning for a cyber defense approach, giving more priority to physical over virtual protection. As a solution, the study outlines a multidimensional approach consisting of a five-step key strategic action: risk-based critical asset priority, integrated incident planning, cross-sector information sharing and collaborative approach, capacity enhancement with recurring training, and policy alignment with standardized governance. This holistic framework stresses the view that cybersecurity is both a technological issue and organizational, a culture-driven imperative. Finally, bolstering cybersecurity across traditional security establishments necessitates a unified effort blending advanced technologies, active risk management, and inter-agency cooperation towards bolstering national resilience and retaining public confidence at a time when the world is increasingly online.

Keywords: Cybersecurity Resilience, Conventional Security Organizations, Risk-Based Cyber Management, Incident Response Planning, Hybrid Threats, and Inter-Agency Collaboration